Wood flour has been produced commercially since 1906 and has been used in many and varied products including soil amendments, extenders for glues, and absorbents for explosives. One of its earliest uses in plastics was in a phenol formaldehyde and wood flour composite called Bakelite. Its first commercial product was reportedly a gearshift knob for Rolls Royce in 1916. Though once quite prevalent as filler for thermosets, its use has diminished over the years.
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Wood flour is commonly used as a filler in thermosetting resins such as Bakelite, and in linoleum floor coverings. Wood flour is also the main ingredient in wood/plastic composite building products such as decks and roofs. Wood flour is the most sophisticated epoxy resins to good old fashion wood glue, wood flour can improve their performance and benefits. Using wood flour filled adhesive enable the solid wood to be stained, sanded, molded, drilled, and nailed just like natural wood. It enhances the adhesion, surface appearance, viscosity or the texture of adhesive.
The environmental benefits of wood and other natural fibers have been an important influence on their use, particularly in Europe. Wood flour is derived from a renewable resource, does not have a large energy requirement to process, and is biodegradable. Wood is a commonly used material and most people are very comfortable with its use.
Wood Flour Usage in Various Industry:
· In thermosetting adhesives, wood flour has been used for several functions. As an extender, it is added to reduce cost while retaining bulk for uniform spreading. Unfortunately, wood flour extenders generally also reduce durability of a given resin. As filler, it is added to thermoset adhesives to control penetration when bonding wood and to improve characteristics of the hardened film. High weight percentages of wood flour have been used with thermosets such as phenolic or urea/formaldehyde resins to produce molded products. The wood flour is added to improve toughness and reduce shrinkage on curing.
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· Wood filler may be added to the thermoset resin at elevated temperatures to form a moldable paste. This paste is then transferred to a mold and then cured under heat and pressure. Alternatively, a mixture of powdered thermoset resin and wood flour is poured directly into a mold and pressed under heat and pressure. Although this type of composite was very prevalent throughout much of the twentieth century, often under the trade names such as “Bakelite,” its use has diminished considerably over the years. However, a variety of products such as some salad bowls, trays, and cutting boards are still manufactured from wood thermoset composites.
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· Wood flour is often added to thermoplastics as a low cost filler to alter mechanical performance, especially the stiffness of low melt temperature, commodity thermoplastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene without increasing density excessively. Wood is much stiffer than the commodity thermoplastics usually used as matrices. Additionally, wood and pulp fibers can nucleate crystal growth in polyolefin resulting in a Trans crystalline layer that can influence mechanical behavior. The wood flour stiffens these plastics but also brittles them, reducing properties such as elongation and unnotched impact strength. Tensile and flexural strengths are, at best, maintained and more often decreased in the absence of a coupling agent. Many different coupling agents have been investigated for use in wood-plastic composites and are reviewed elsewhere.
Conclusion:
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