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Here is a Detailed Project Report on the Biogas Plant, its process, market position, demands, investment opportunity and project financials. It comprises a comprehensive analysis of the industry. The report also includes plant capacity, requirement of land and building, raw material detail with supplier list, plant & machinery, flow sheet diagram, total Capital investment along with detailed calculation on rate of return, break-even analysis and profitability analysis. The world is trying to find a sustainable way of harnessing energy. We have been using fossils for two centuries and that has cost us global warming. With each year the urgency to find a better option increases. 2022 has accounted for the hottest year in 100 years and scientists believe it is just a beginning. As per UN and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC has given us till 2050. If we don’t stop climate change in 25 years, there might be no way back and Climate Change will be irreversible. Even this 25 years of labour won’t stop the climate change, instead it will just further the deadline. And that’s why companies and governments are turning towards Biogas fuel.
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What is Biogas?
Biogas is an eco-friendly, cost effective energy source, extracted from animal waste or wasted food or agricultural waste. It is a mixture of different gases, such as Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Hydrogen Sulphide. It is also called Bio methane. Biogas is basically a great way to create sustainable energy and recycle wastes, such as, Animal faces, food scraps, sewage water, waste water, etc. Biogas is flammable, due to its high Methane content. Biogas contain about 50% to 70% of Methane.
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What is Biogas used for?
Biogas is used for two reasons.
● As a Replacement.
Now this is the most common use of Biogas.
If biogas is purified and upgraded it can be used as a replacement for natural gases. This upgraded biogas is what we call, ‘Biomethane.’ It can be used in cooking or heating.
● As a Fuel.
It is compressed and used as a fuel in cars, auto rickshaws and buses. This compressed Biogas is what we call, Compressed Biogas, or CBG for short.
So these are the two uses of Biogas.
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How is Biogas produced?
Biogas is created through the process called Anaerobic digestion.
● Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion is when a bacteria “digests” biomass in absence of oxygen. Now this is a natural process that occurs in our digestion systems. But it can be artificially created in containers. These containers are called Digesters.
Now there are two types of Digesters.
➔ One covered in discharged liquid from industries or sewage. In it biogas is compiled under an airtight, leak proof lid.
➔ The second one is engineered for semi-liquid waste. It mixes up all the waste and through heating and cooking, biogas is created or they just add bacteria to the waste. This digester looks like a fermentation tank.
And this is how Biogas is made.
Watch Video: How to Start Biogas Production, Biogas – An Intense Opportunity.
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What type of Raw materials are used in the production of Biogas?
The raw materials used in Biogas are organic wastes in industries recycled into fuel.
● Animal Waste:- Animal waste such as manure, meat processing wastes.
● Organic Industrial Waste:- Food waste, wastewater sludge, from the food industry.
● Organic wastes from landfills:- Organic wastes, such as food scraps etc, thrown away.
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Advantages of Biogas.
➢ Biogas is a Green energy.
Biogas is a green energy, which means it is a renewable energy. It is one of the five types of renewable energy, such as, Solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, hydropower.
➢ Biogas emit less greenhouse gases.
Unlike its counterpart, i.e. thee natural gases, it emits less methane, nitrous oxide and Carbon Dioxide. These gases are harmful for the environment.
➢ Biogas is a great way to recycle waste.
Biogas is a recycling project at its core. It recirculates all the industrial and house waste into a renewable energy source.
➢ Biogas is Cheap.
Biogas is about 80% cheaper than LPG. In India, 1 Kg of Biogas costs about ₹25, whereas LPG gas costs about ₹1002.50 in India. This is one of the reasons why many families in rural India use Biogas, instead of LPG to cook their meals. Now there is another reason for that and we’ll talk about it in a second.
➢ Biogas creates Organic Fertilizer.
The production of Biogas comes along with enriched organic digestate, which can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers.
Read our Books Here: Handbook on Biogas and Its Applications(from Waste & Renewable Resources with Engineering & Design Concepts)(2nd Revised Edition)
Disadvantages of Biogas.
Ø Biogas can only be created in a specific climate.
Biogas has to be produced in 37℃ because, only in 37℃ the bacteria can digest the waste. To produce biogas in winter or cold weather you need heat energy.
➢ Biogas Technology had no upgrades.
While engineers keep finding better solutions to harness renewable energy in a cheaper and more sustainable way, there has been no such breakthrough with Biogas Technology. And because there has been no such upgrade to simplify the process and make it cost effective, it is hard to supply to a large population.
➢ Biogas isn’t compatible with metropolitan settings.
Biogas is created from food waste, manure and animal waste. To set up an industrial biogas plant, you need to have accessibility to these raw materials. And these are not something you find in big Metropolitan cities. And this is why you find mostly rural areas using Biogas.
Now the last one might seem like a disadvantage and it is to some extent. But in a country like India, where 65.07% of the total population lives in rural areas, this seems more like an advantage than a disadvantage.
What are the contents of Biogas?
➢ Methane: Biogas contains 50% to 75% of Methane.
➢ Carbon Dioxide: About 20-40% of biogas is CO2 or Carbon Dioxide
➢ Trace gases: The remaining biogas is hydrogen sulphide and nitrous oxide.
Biogas Plant Owners in India.
Maharashtra has the highest number of biogas plants in India. It has over 9, 31,000 plants as of March of 2021. Karnataka comes second in nationwide biogas plant ownership; it has around 5, 13,000 as of March 2021. India has over 5 million biogas plants all around the country. And that’s why I said, in the disadvantages section, being in India and owning a Biogas plant can be profitable. About 898,024,053 Indians live in rural areas as of 2020. It has increased by 0.9% between 2019 and 2020. And we do not have the data for the last two years yet, but it is safe to assume the number seems to have increased again.
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