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  • The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (3rd Edition)
  • The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (3rd Edition)
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The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (3rd Edition) ( ) ( Best Seller ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers ISBN 9788194099529
Code ENI213 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 1675   1675 US$ 61   61
Pages: 440 Published 2025
Publisher Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within 5 Days
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Organic farming, composed of organic fertilizers as an integral virtue, continues to remain a lucrative bet for the expanding agricultural industry, in line with growing organic food appeal to consumers as a healthy and ethical choice. Beyond ethics, organic fertilizers are gaining significant traction on account of numerous environmental benefits, such as enhanced soil structure and water conservation. Growing awareness among farmers about the nutritional benefits of plant based and animal based fertilizers and their role in promoting growth of earthworm and other microbiological activities vital for plant growth are fuelling adoption of organic fertilizers. Animal based organic fertilizers are garnering significant traction over plant based variants owing to their good aeration and water retention capabilities that enhance the soil fertility.

 

As consumers today are inclined towards clean labels and seeking transparency in everything they consume, organic has emerged as a promising approach to address these concerns. In light of these beneficial aspects of organic approaches and after gauging the futuristic opportunistic value of organic fertilizers.

 

Increasing health issues such as diabetes, obesity and digestive disorders are also one of the factors driving the growth of the organic food. The increased accessibility of organic food and beverages in retail outlets make it more convenient for consumers to purchase these products. Asia-Pacific is also expected to rapidly increase in CAGR, owing to the changing lifestyles and increase in consumer disposable income. Organic food products and shifting consumer preference towards organic food are among the major factors expected to boost demand for organic food products in India. Growing awareness among the consumers regarding the benefits of organic fertilizers over chemical fertilizers, and increasing awareness among farmers and cultivators towards eco-friendly fertilizers. The escalating demand for organic food products is likely to create a dire need for large scale development of organic fertilizers in the forthcoming years, which in turn will create a wide field of opportunities for stakeholders. Sensing the growing demand for organic fertilizers, market goliaths have shifted their focus on expanding their organic fertilizer produce to capitalize on the growing unmet demand from consumers.

The book cover various aspects related to different organic farming and production of organic compost with their agriculture process and also provides contact details of machinery suppliers with equipment photographs and plant layout.

 

A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today’s organic farming and compost industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the organic farming and compost industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of organic farming and compost. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

 

 

Table of Contents:

1.        ORGANIC FARMING

1.1.     Types of Organic Farming

1.2.     Need of Organic Farming

1.3.     Limitations

1.4.     Benefits

1.5.     Relevance

1.6.     Advantages and Disadvantages of Organic Farming

1.7.     Methods or Techniques of Organic Farming

2.        SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ORGANIC

FARMING

2.1.     The Background

2.2.     Characteristics of Sustainable Agriculture

2.3.     Definition of Sustainable Agriculture

2.4.     Organic Farming

2.5.     National Programme for Organic Production (Features)

3.        CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS

3.1.     Concept and Definition

3.2.     Organic Vs Natural Farming

3.3.     Essential Characteristics of Organic Farming

3.4.     Key Principles of Organic Agriculture Systems

3.4.1. Mixed Farming

3.4.2. Crop Rotation

3.4.3. Organic Cycle Optimization

3.4.4. Objectives of Organic and Conventional Farming

3.5.     Options in Organic Farming

3.5.1. Pure Organic Farming

3.5.2. Integrated Green Revolution Farming

3.5.3. Integrated Farming System

3.6.     Management of Organic Farming

3.7.     Advantages of Organic Farming

3.8.     Barriers to Organic Farming

3.9.     Components of Organic Farming


(vi)

 

3.9.1. Organic Manures

3.9.2. Non-Chemical Weed Control Measures

3.9.3. Biological Pest Management

4.        METHODS OF ORGANIC FARMING

4.1.     A Step By Step Guide to Methods of Organic Farming

4.2.     Characteristics of Organic Farming

4.3.     Objectives of Adopting Organic Farming

4.4.     Different Methods of Organic Farming

4.4.1.   Crop Diversity

4.4.2.   Crop Rotation

4.4.3.   Biological Pest Control

4.4.4.   Soil Management

4.4.5.   Green Manure

4.4.6.   Compost

4.4.7.   Weed Management

4.4.8.   Controlling Other Organisms

4.4.9.   Livestock

4.4.10. Genetic Modification

5.        HOW TO START AN ORGANIC FARMING BUSINESS

5.1.     Educate Yourself

5.2.     Choose the Right Location

5.3.     Develop a Business Plan

5.4.     Prepare the Land

5.5.     Get Seeds and Plant

5.6.     Implement Organic Farming Practices

5.7.     Certify Your Farm (if needed)

5.8.     Market Your Products

5.9.     Stay Committed to Sustainability

5.10.  Expand Gradually

6.        ORGANIC FARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

6.1.     Impact of Conventional Farming on Climate Change

6.2.     Climate Change Resilience of Organic Agriculture

6.3.     Organic Agriculture is an Important Lever in Moving the Needle on Climate Change

6.4.     Climate Change

6.5.     Organic Agriculture and Desertification

7.        SOIL MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING

7.1.     Functions of Soil Health


(vii)

 

7.2.     Understanding the Physical, Chemical and Biological Aspects of a Healthy Soil

7.3.     Why is Soil Health Important?

7.4.     What is Soil Degradation?

7.5.     How can Protect Soil Health?

8.        ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION

8.1.     Principles of Organic Crop Production

8.2.     Soil Management in Organic Farming

8.3.     Pest and Disease Management

8.4.     Weed Management

8.5.     Irrigation and Water Management

8.6.     Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling

8.7.     Certification and Compliance

8.8.     Challenges in Organic Crop Production

8.9.     Future of Organic Crop Production

8.10.  What are the Key Benefits of Organic

Crop Production?

8.10.1. Environmental Benefits

8.10.2. Health Benefits

8.10.3. Economic and Social Benefits

8.10.4 Agricultural Sustainability

8.11.  How does Organic Farming Reduce Erosion?

8.11.1. Improved Soil Structure

8.11.2. Enhanced Water Management

8.11.3. Protective Ground Cover

8.11.4. Diverse Crop Rotations

8.11.5. Reduced Tillage Practices

8.11.6. Enhanced Root Systems

9.        SMART SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING

9.1.     Precision Agriculture in Organic Systems

9.2.     Biological Pest Control and AI

9.3.     Crop Monitoring and Harvesting Technologies

9.4.     Data Analytics and Farm Management Software

9.5.     Genetic Technologies in Organic Breeding

9.6.     Energy-Efficient Farm Infrastructure

9.7.     How does Technology Improve Crop Yield in Organic Farming


 

10.        COW DUNG AND URINE IN ORGANIC FARMING

10.1.  Historical Significance

10.2.  Science Behind the Practice

10.3.  Applications in Organic Farming

10.4.  Challenges and Considerations

10.5.  Future Prospects

10.6.  Benefits of Using Cow Dung in Organic Farming

10.7. Cow Urine Contribute to Soil Health in Organic Farming

11.        EQUIPMENT USED IN ORGANIC FARMING

11.1.  Soil Preparation Equipment

11.2.  Seeding and Planting Equipment

11.3.  Irrigation Equipment

11.4.  Weeding and Pest Control Equipment

11.5.  Harvesting Equipment

11.6.  Composting Equipment

11.7.  Miscellaneous Equipment

11.8.  Energy-Efficient and Renewable Equipment

11.9.  Automation and Smart Farming Tools

12.        FUTURE OF ORGANIC FARMING

12.1.  Growth Trajectory

12.2.  Technological Advancements

12.3.  Soil Health Revolution

12.4.  Genetic Innovation within Organic Principles

12.5.  Urban and Vertical Organic Farming

12.6.  Circular Economy Integration

12.7.  Market Evolution

12.8.  Policy and Support

12.9.  Challenges and Opportunities

13.          LIST OF INGREDIENTS USED IN ORGANIC FARMING

13.1.  Soil Amendments and Fertilizers

13.2.  Pest and Disease Control Ingredients

13.3.  Soil Conditioners

13.4.  Plant Growth Enhancers

13.5.  Weed Control Ingredients

13.6.  Animal-Based Inputs

13.7.  Microbial Inputs

13.8.  Water-Saving and Soil Moisture Retention Aids


 

14.        ROLE OF LIVESTOCK IN ORGANIC FARMING

14.1.  Role of Livestock in Organic Systems

14.2.  Organic Livestock Standards

14.3.  Pasture Management in Organic Systems

14.4.  Integration of Crops and Livestock

14.5.  Challenges in Organic Livestock Production

14.6.  Animal Welfare in Organic Systems

14.7.  Organic Livestock Products

14.8.  Future Directions in Organic Livestock Farming

14.9. How do Livestock Contribute to Soil Health in Organic Farming?

14.10.  What Role does Animal Manure Play in Organic Farming?

14.11.  How does Manure Improve Soil Structure?

15.        ORGANIC FARMING IN RICE

15.1.  Objectives of Organic Farming

15.2.  Traditional Practices

15.3.  Aspects of Modern Agriculture

15.4.  Important Regulations for Organic Farming

15.5.  Nutrient Requirement

15.6.  Ecofriendly Management of Pests and Diseases in Rice

15.7.  Conservation of Native Natural Enemies to Enhance

in situ Biological Control in Rice

15.7.1. Components of Eco-Friendly Disease Management

15.7.2. Methods of Application

15.8.  Conclusion

16.        RICE VARIETIES FOR ORGANIC FARMING

16.1.  What is Organic Agriculture ?

16.2.  Selection of Rice Varieties for Organic Farming

16.3.  Weed Control

16.4.  Soil Fertility

16.5.  Insects and Diseases

16.6.  Speciality Rices for Organic Farming

16.7.  Varieties for Special Systems of Cultivation

17.        WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC RICE

17.1.  Development of Weed Control Methods

17.2.  Problems from Chemical Weed Control


 

17.3.  Weed Control in Organic Farming

17.3.1. Preventive Methods

17.3.2. Cultural Methods of Weed Control

17.3.3.   Mechanical Methods

17.3.4. Biological Control of Weeds

17.4.  Bioherbicides

17.4.1. Some Basic Principles for Weed Management in Organic Farming

18.        PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF

ORGANIC RICE

18.1.  Quick Cooking Rice

18.2.  Preparation of Instant Fried Rice

18.3.  Instant Rice Noodles

18.4.  Preparation of Dried Starch from Rice Soup

19.        BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN

ORGANIC RICE FARMING

19.1.  Why Biotechnology ?

19.2.  Important Benefits that have Emerged from the

Transgenic Rice Research

19.3. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of UN Recommendation

20.        AVAILABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS AND

PLANT NUTRIENTS

20.1.  Livestock Wastes

20.2.  Crop Residues and Aquatic Weeds

20.3.  Rural and Urban Wastes

20.4.  Agro-Industrial Wastes

20.5.  Fisheries and Marine Industry

21.        BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF ACACIA NILOTICA

21.1.  Material and Methods

21.2.  Results and Discussion

21.3.  Summary

22.        ORGANIC FERTILIZER : A SUPPLEMENTARY

NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SUGARCANE

22.1.  Experiment and Results

22.1.1. Azotobacter

22.1.2. Azospirillum

22.2.  Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms


(xi)

 

22.3.  Summary

23.        EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SORGHUM

23.1.  Material and Methods

23.2.  Results and Discussion

23.3.  Summary

24.        USE OF BIO-INOCULANTS FOR RECYCLING OF

BANANA WASTES

24.1.  Material and Methods

24.2.  Results and Discussion

25.        ORGANIC COMPOST

25.1.  Use

25.2.  Compost Quality

25.3.  Benefits of Organic Compost

25.4.  Overview of the Composting Process

25.5.  Process of Composting

26.        ORGANIC MANURES, THEIR NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS

26.1.  Farmyard Manure

26.2.  Compost

26.3.  Sheep and Goat Manure

26.4.  Poultry Manure

26.5.  Oil-Cakes

26.6.  Meal Group of Manures

26.7.  Sewage, Sludge and Sullage

27.        PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST

27.1.  Composting

27.2.  Importance of Composting

27.2.1. Maximizing the Nutrients Availability from Agricultural Compost

27.2.2. Effect on Soil and Crop

27.2.3. Method of Spreading Compost

27.2.4. Rate of Application

27.2.5. Time of Application

27.2.6. Classification of Composting

27.2.7. Kinetics of Composting

27.2.8. Moisture Content

27.2.9. Ingredients to Avoid

27.2.10. Microbes Involved in Composting


(xii)

 

27.3.  Design Criteria

27.3.1. Type and Amount of Compost

27.3.2. The Climate

27.3.3. Availability of Land

27.3.4. Handling

27.4.  Practical Method of Making Compost

27.4.1. Considerations in Building a Compost Heap

27.4.2. Managing the Compost Heap

27.4.3. Curing

27.4.4. Practical Applications Composting

27.5.  Biogas Technology

27.5.1. Composition of Slurry

27.5.2. Slurry for Agriculture

27.5.3. Transfer of Biogas Technology

27.6.  Growing of Mushrooms

27.6.1. Conventional Types of Compost

27.6.2. Compost Making and Spawning

27.6.3. The Work Schedule

27.7.  Suggestions

28.        HOW TO STARTING AN ORGANIC COMPOST

BUSINESS

28.1.  Research and Planning

28.2.  Develop a Business Plan

28.3.  Choose a Composting Method

28.4.  Source Raw Materials

28.5.  Acquire Equipment

28.6.  Set Up a Facility

28.7.  Start Composting

28.8.  Packaging and Branding

28.9.  Marketing and Distribution

28.10.  Explore Additional Revenue Streams

28.11.  Monitor and Scale Up

29.        MARKETING OF ORGANIC COMPOST

29.1.  Market Trends and Demand Analysis

29.2.  Target Customers

29.3.  Key Marketing Strategies

29.4.  Distribution Channels

29.5.  Challenges in Marketing Organic Compost


 

29.6.  Opportunities for Growth

29.7.  Case Studies and Success Stories

30.        ORGANIC WASTE RECYCLING

30.1.  How to Recycle Organic Waste?

30.2.  What is Organic Waste?

30.3.  What Materials can be Considered Organic Waste?

30.4.  What is Organic Waste Recycling?

30.5.  Organic Waste Recycling Process

30.6.  General Organic Waste Recycling Steps

31.        POST-HARVEST HANDLING AND PROCESSING

31.1.  Planning for Post-Harvest Quality

31.2.  Harvest Handling

31.3.  Post-Harvest Storage

31.4.  Sanitation and Water Disinfection

31.5.  Other Post-Harvest Treatments

31.6.  Processing Techniques

31.7.  Packaging and Transportation

31.8.  Economic and Social Considerations

31.9. Key Considerations for Packaging Organic Produce to Maintain Shelf Life

31.9.1. Material Selection

31.9.2. Environmental Control

31.9.3. Physical Protection

31.9.4. Ventilation

31.9.5. Food Safety

31.9.6. Transparency and Traceability

31.9.7. Sustainability

31.9.8. Product-Specific Considerations

32.        PACKAGING OF ORGANIC COMPOST

32.1.  Importance of Packaging in Organic Compost Industry

32.2.  Packaging Materials for Organic Compost

32.3.  Packaging Design Considerations

32.4.  Packaging Process

32.5.  Sustainability and Environmental Considerations

32.6.  Market Trends and Consumer Preferences

33.        EXPORT MARKETING OF ORGANIC COMPOST

33.1.  Product Development and Quality Assurance

33.2.  Market Research and Targeting


 

33.3.  Marketing Strategies

33.4.  Promotion and Communication

33.5.  Logistics and Compliance

33.6.  Continuous Improvement

33.7. What are the Key Markets for Organic Compost Exports?

33.7.1. Top Importing Countries

33.7.2. Emerging Markets

33.7.3. Market Drivers

34.        ORGANIC NUTRIENT

34.1.  Soil Populations and Processes

34.2.  Use of Biofertilizers

34.3.  Enrichment of Compost with Microbial Inoculants

34.4.  Nitrogen Fixing Microbs

34.4.1. Rhizobium

34.4.2. Leguminous Plants / Rhizobiaceae Symbiosis

34.4.3. Azotobacter Inoculant

34.4.4. Azospirillum Inoculant

34.4.5. Blue-Green Algae Inoculant

34.4.6. Multiplication of BGA

34.4.7. Frankiaceae Symbiosis

34.4.8. Large Scale Inoculum Production

34.4.9. Significance of BNF

34.5.  Mycorrhiza

34.5.1. Roots as Sinks and Sources of Nutrients and Carbon in Agricultural Systems

34.5.2. Importance of Mycorrhiza

34.5.3. Benefits to Plants

34.5.4. Other Roles in Ecosystems

34.5.5. Values of People

34.5.6. Mycorrhizal Interactions with Plants and Soil Organisms in Sustainable Agroecosystem

34.5.7. Symbiosis

34.5.8. Root System Form

34.5.9. Soil and Site Factors Influencing Mycorrhizas

34.5.10. Characteristics of Fungal Isolates

34.5.11. Ectendomycorrhizae

34.5.12. Host Plants


 

34.5.13. How Mycorrhizas Work

34.5.14. Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pathogen Interaction

34.5.15. Nitrogen Transfer in Mycorrhizal Plants

34.5.16. Nitrogen Nutrition in Mycorrhizal Plants

34.5.17. Enhanced Crop Production

34.5.18. Phosphorus Fertility

34.5.19. Future Thrusts

35.        INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS SOURCES OF PLANT NUTRIENTS

35.1.  Significance of Waste Recycling

35.2.  Chemical Characteristics of Wastes and Utilization

35.3.  Effect on Crops Yield and Soil Properties

35.3.1. Effect on Crop Yields

35.3.2. Pathogens and Health Hazards

35.3.3. Heavy Metals and Associated Problems

35.3.4. Effect on Soil Properties

35.3.5. Problems in Waste Utilization

35.3.6. Future Research Needs

36.        ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN UPLAND CROP PRODUCTION

36.1.  Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Inoculants

36.2.  Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms

36.3.  Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM)

36.4.  Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

36.5.  Future Research Needs

36.6.  Strategy for Successful Use of Biofertilizers

37.        PLANT LAYOUT DESCRIPTION OF

ORGANIC COMPOST

37.1.  Raw Material Reception Area

37.2.  Preprocessing Section

37.3.  Composting Area

37.4.  Maturation or Curing Area

37.5.  Screening and Sorting Area

37.6.  Storage and Packaging Area

37.7.  Waste Management and Recycling

37.8.  Utility and Support Systems

37.9.  Administrative and Control Area

38.        BIS STANDARDS


 

39.        PHOTOGRAPHS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY WITH SUPPLIERS CONTACT DETAILS

•     Compost Machine

•     Sewage Treatment Plant

•     Fully Automatic Organic Waste Converter

•     Food Waste Compost Machine

•     Fertilizer Spreaders - Square

•     Mulcher

•     Hydraulic Post Hole Digger With Hoist

•     Paddy Cutting Machine

40.        PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW

CHART & DIAGRAM

41.        REFERENCES

 

 

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Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
  • Resultant N.P.B.T
  • Resultant D.S.C.R
  • Resultant PV Ratio
  • Resultant DER
  • Resultant ROI
  • Resultant BEP
Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
  • Equity Capital
  • Preference Share Capital
Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
  • Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
  • Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
  • Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
  • Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
Annexure 35 ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR