Exterior Paints
Paints with a low pigment load usually have exterior durability. The large binder content provides the film matrix required to withstand exterior conditions. The pigment volume concentration (PVC) is usually well under 40 percent.
The low PVC (i.e. high binder) results in a strongly bound, highly resistant film possessing the following variable qualities good weathering, glossiness, resistance to specific chemicals and abrasion. The formulas presented in this chapter possess one or more of these characteristics to a greater or lesser degree.
Has very good application and nonpenetration properties with good tint retention and mildew resistance. However, like all exterior flats, durability is not as good as conventional linseed oil paints. Where a flat exterior is desired we strongly recommend using this over a suitable primer for both new and repaint work for good durability.
In severe mildew areas use of phenyl mercury preservative is suggested.
Calcium Carbonate Pigment in Water Soluble Linseed Oil Paints
The introduction of a water soluble linseed oil paint vehicle has stimulated a great deal of interest in the paint industry. This interest was created by the novel approach of having the proven durability of linseed oil combined with the desired convenience of water cleanup.
One of the advantages of this type of water soluble linseed oil system is that it can be formulated at higher solids volume than most resin emulsion type systems however, not as high solids as is true for conventional linseed oil paints. Even higher solids can be obtained in Linaqua systems by the incorporation of ground calcite extender pigments. Thus the use of such extenders should give longer film life.
A lower amount of zinc oxide is required in calcium carbonate containing paints to adequately control mildew growth than is necessary when such products are formulated with other commonly used grads of extender pigments. Therefore, this is an additional economic advantage when ground calcite extenders are used.
A few outstanding features which Linaqua type paints display are 1) ease of application (i.e. as compared to conventional linseed oil paints), 2) high gloss, and 3) easy cleanup of brushes and tools with water. These are properties, which are quite appealing to the do it yourself consumer.
Exterior Ranch Red House Paint
(Alkyd Acrylic)
Igepal CTA 639 effectively emulsfies alkyd and oil additives used to improve adhesion of exterior paints to chalky or smooth surfaces. It is unique in stabilization of alkyd water emulsions to produce excellent clean up, can stability, and color development in this type of paint.
Baker Comment
The Castung 235 modified latex paints were applied over oil primer and exposed after August 15, which is considered the most difficult time of the year. No intercoat peeling or blistering occurred even on the bottom edge of the panels after 3 years of exposure.
Exterior White Paints
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 100 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 46.0%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 30.4% by weight
Weight per Gallon 11.31 pounds
Key Properties
Very good application and nonpenetration properties
Good tint retention and mildew resistance
Good durability when applied over a TT P 25a type primer for both new and repaint work
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Formulation Note
Include an agent in the quantity needed to obtain consistency as shown for good brushability, sag resistance and suspension. Use an agent which will not flocculate the pigment to avoid loss of hiding and tinting strength.
Physical Contents
Viscosity 82 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 12.31 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 50.0%
60º Gloss 1 to 4
Key Properties
Designed to avoid flashing over surfaces of varying porosity
Excellent hiding and chalk resistance
Excellent overall properties
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 58%
Viscosity 85 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 11.55 pounds
Key Properties
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Formulation Note
Include an agent in the quantity needed to obtain consistency as shown, for good brushability, sag resistance and suspension. Use an agent, which will not flocculate the pigment to avoid loss of hiding and tinting strength.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 100 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 13.07 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 48.5%
60º Gloss 1 to 4
Key Properties
Designed to avoid flashing over surfaces of varying porosity
Excellent hiding and chalk resistance
Excellent overall properties
Formulation Note
This formula should be used over an alkyd wood primer.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 38%
Weight per Gallon 13.67 pounds
Key Properties
Corrosion resistant in the can and applied film
Resistant to mold and bacteria
Chalk, stain and fire resistant
Increased color retention
Physical Constants
Viscosity 99 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 47.5%
Weight per Gallon 12.88 pounds
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 37.3% by weight
Key Properties
Good adhesion
Excellent application properties
Excellent durability in exterior exposure
Good color and tint retention
Good chemical and corrosion resistance
Mildew resistant, even without mercury.
Formulation Note
Include an agent in the quantity needed to obtain consistency as shown for good brushability, sag resistance and suspension. Use an agent which will not flocculate the pigment to avoid loss of hiding and tinting strength.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 12.08 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 40.0%
60º Gloss 5 to 12
Key Properties
Excellent hiding and chalk resistance
Excellent overall properties
Physical Constants of Blend
Viscosity 65 75 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 38.4%
Total Solids Content 74.6% by weight
Total Solids Content 57.8% by volume
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 52.6% by weight
Weight per Gallon 12.82 pounds
60º Gloss 10
Key Properties
Thixotropic with no increased viscosity
Good color development
Excellent initial color and color retention
Outstanding pigment and filler suspension
Suppressed floating and flooding
Formulation Note
Include an agent in the quantity needed to obtain consistency as shown for good brushability, sag resistance and suspension. Use an agent, which will not flocculate the pigment to avoid loss of hiding and tinting strength.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 12.50 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 40.6%
60º Gloss 5 to 12
Key Properties
Excellent overall properties
Excellent hiding and chalk resistance
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 100 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 11.62 pounds
Fineness of Grind 4
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 54.6% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 35.5%
Pigment Content 50.9% by weight
Key Properties
Easy brushabilty
Durable, color retentive film
Reduced sagging tendencies
Increased elasticity and flexibility
Economical formulation of quality exterior finish
Formulation Notes
Approximately 25 pounds of zinc oxide (fine particle size) should be included to resist yellowing when used on interior surfaces.
The lower level of Busan 11 M1 will be sufficient in areas, which are not considered severe mold environments.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 82 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 25%
Weight per Gallon 9.97 10.28 pounds
Key Properties
Corrosion resistant in the can and applied film
Resistant to mold and bacteria
Chalk, stain and fire resistant
Increased color retention
Can be used for severe molding environments.
Key Properties
Excellent fire retardant properties
Good initial gloss and gloss retention
Good durability and water resistance
Good exterior durability
Formulation Note
Blend formula one to one by volume on the job.
Physical Constants of Blend
Viscosity 60 70 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 24.3%
Total Solids Content 70.1% by weight
Total Solids Content 53.4% by volume
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 54.0% by weight
Weight per Gallon 11.65 pounds
600 Gloss 70 80
Key Properties
Thixotropic with no increased viscosity
Good color development
Excellent initial color and color retention
Outstanding pigment and filler suspension
Suppressed floating and flooding
Formulation Notes
Include an agent in the quantity needed to obtain consistency as shown for good brushability, sag resistance and suspension. Use an agent, which will not flocculate the pigment to avoid loss of hiding and tinting strength.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 82 Krebs units
Weight per Gallon 11.18 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 30.0%
60º Gloss 50 to 70
Contrast Ratio at 550 Square Feet per Gallon 0.98
Key Properties
Excellent hiding and chalk resistance
Excellent overall properties
Formulation Note
Use finely pulverized grade of calcium oxide to prevent zinc oxide seeding. Add to the grind just prior to the zinc oxide addition.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind 5 6
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 51.5% by weight
Pigment Content 41.4% by weight
Gloss 70 80
Weight per Gallon 10.33 pounds
Key Properties
Economical formulation
Excellent initial gloss and gloss retention
Excellent water resistance and weathering
Fair alkali resistance
Outstanding flexibility and durability
Formulation Note
Blend formula one to one by volume on the job.
Exterior Tinted Enamels
Key Properties
Meets Federal Specification TT E 490B
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Key Properties
Meets Federal Specification TT E 490B
Meets MIL Std. 795
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 42.5% by weight
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 40.7% by weight
Pigment Content 3.2% by weight
Viscosity Ford Cup No. 4 100 120 seconds
Weight per Gallon 7.57 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent durability
High gloss and gloss retention
Good brushing and Flow. Fast drying with positive through dry
Hard, slick film
Meets Federal Specification TT E 489F
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 58.7% by weight
Total Solids Content 48.3% by volume
Viscosity 60 65 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 8.58 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 3.3%
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low color
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals and wear
Economical
Easily applied
Simple to use easy ratios to mix
Excellent adhesion
Brilliant initial gloss with superior gloss retention
Good curing properties
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 54.9% by weight
Total Solids Content 46.8% by volume
Weight per Gallon 8.86 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 3.3%
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low odor
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals, solvents alkalies and wear
Economical because of outstanding performance characteristics and high film build
Easy application by brush or roller
Simple to use because of easy mixing
Excellent adhesion
Good curing properties
Formulation Note
Replace Aroplaz 1085 M 50 Alkyd Resin Solution with Aroplaz 7307 M 50 Alkyd Resin Solution for faster drying.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 82 85 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 8.68 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 10.0%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 47.7% by weight
Key Properties
Fast drying
Very high gloss and good gloss retention
Good flow and adhesion
Excellent resistance to chalking on exterior exposure
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 66.7% by weight
Total Solids Content 52.5% by volume
Viscosity 60 65 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 9.82 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 12.0%
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low odor
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals and wear
Economical
Easily applied
Simple to use easy ratios to mix
Excellent adhesion
Brilliant initial gloss with superior gloss retention
Good curing properties
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 58.0% by weight
Total Solids Content 66.2% by volume
Viscosity 65 70 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.30 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 12.4%
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low odor
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals, solvents, alkalies and wear
Economical because of outstanding performance characteristics and high film build
Easily application by brush or roller
Simple to use because of easy mixing
Excellent adhesion
Good curing properties
Brilliant initial gloss with superior gloss retention
Physical Constants
Viscosity, Ford Cup No. 4 (Initial) 155 seconds
Viscosity, Ford Cup No. 4 (One Month) 160 seconds
Total Solids Content 54.7% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 17.5%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 41.7% by weight
Weight per Gallon 8.39 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent gloss and gloss retention
Good intercoat adhesion
Excellent salt spray resistance
Outstanding durability on exposure
Good package stability
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 69.0% by weight
Total Solids Content 53.9% by volume
Viscosity (Fresh) 60 65 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.19 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low odor
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals and wear
Economical because of outstanding performance characteristics and high film build
Easy application by brush or roller
Simple to use because of easy mixing
Excellent adhesion
Good curing properties
Dries relatively fast
Excellent tint retention
Brilliant initial gloss with superior gloss retention
Physical Constants of Enamel Blend
Total Solids Content 70.6% by weight
Total Solids Content 52.9% by volume
Viscosity (Fresh) 60 65 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.99 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 14.0%
Key Properties
Excellent color and color retention
Low odor
Conventional pigmentation
Durable highly resistant to water, heat, chemicals and wear
Economical
Easily applied
Simple to use easy ratios to mix
Excellent adhesion
Brilliant initial gloss with superior gloss retention
Good curing properties
Physical Constants
Viscosity, Ford Cup No. 4 (Fresh) 98 seconds
Viscosity, Ford Cup No. 4 (One Month) 99 seconds
Total Solids Content 62.0% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 17.5%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 41.7% by weight
Weight per Gallon 9.02 pounds
Key Properties
Good intercoat adhesion
Outstanding durability on exposure
Superior salt spray resistance
Excellent gloss and gloss retention
Good package stability
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 64.1% by weight
Viscosity (Fresh) 80 Krebs Units
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 51.3% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 10.7%
Weight per Gallon 9.29 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent weathering characteristics
Outstanding one coat hold out and gloss retention over old weathered siding
Excellent working properties
Excellent water, solvent and chemical resistance
Good mar resistance, good gloss and flexibility
Rapid, positive drying
Formulation Note
The Viscasil 60,000 Silicone Fluid is 0.001% of the finished paint, which can be added as 1% master solution in solvent.
Physical Constants
Total solids content 46.6% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 26.0%
Weight per Gallon 9.04 pounds
Key properties
Outstanding resistance to chemicals, water and ultraviolet light
Dries rapidly to form a tough, hard film, which adheres well to a variety of substrates
Excellent pigment binding properties
Very good aging properties
Lowered rate of transmission of water vapor through the enamel film.
Formulation Note
Reduce to spray viscosity of approximately 37% solids with xylene.
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 8.37 pounds
Total Solids Content 48.0% by weight
Key Properties
Fast air drying speed
Durable
Formulation Note
Cykelin 70 may be blended with other oils, but compatibility should be checked first.
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 67.5% by weight
Viscosity 80 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 9.29 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 20.8%
Vehicle Solids Content 56% by weight
Key Properties
Easily applied
Proven durability under field conditions
Low cost
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 48.4% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 25.7%
Weight per Gallon 9.31 pounds
Key Properties
Outstanding resistance to chemicals, water and ultraviolet light
Dries rapidly to form a tough, hard film, which adheres well to a variety of substrates.
Excellent pigment binding properties
Very good aging properties
Lowered rate of transmission of water vapor through the enamel film.
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 45.9% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 25.8%
Weight per Gallon 9.03 pounds
Key Properties
Outstanding resistance to chemicals, water and ultraviolet light
Dries rapidly to form a tough, hard film, which adheres well to a variety of substrates
Excellent pigment binding properties
Very good aging properties
Lowered rate of transmission of water vapor through the enamel film.
Interior Flat White Paints and Enamels
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 97 Krebs Units
Viscosity (After Two Weeks at 120ºF and Two Months at 77ºF) 97 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (Hegman North Standard) 6
Weight per Gallon 11.18 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent freeze thaw resistance
Excellent package stability, including liquid separation, settling and ease of remixing.
Improved film properties
Improved wear properties resistance to scrubbing and abrasion
More color acceptance and color stability resistance to fading
Improved adhesion to the substrate and paint layers
Good enamel holdout
Excellent stain removal
Some flatting and burnishing resistance
Better sanding characteristics
Excellent fineness of grind
Low binder demand
Physical Constants
Viscosity 94 Krebs Units
Nonvolatile Content 26.8% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.1%
Critical Pigment Volume Concentration 44.0%
pH 9.6
Contrast Ratio (1.0 mil) 0.974
Contrast Ratio (1.5 mils) 0.988
Contrast Ratio (3.0 mils) 0.996
60º Gloss 1.6
85º Sheen 2.6
Freeze Thaw Stability Passes five cycles
Weight per Gallon 10.99 pounds
Key Properties
Provides ideal balance between dripless properties and gelling time to guarantee proper leveling
Highly desirable rheological and physical performance properties
High degree to thixotropy with good viscosity stability
Improved suspension of pigments
Little sagging and excellent film build
Reduced water sensitivity
Good brush out with no dragging and no dripping
Fair to good rollout leveling with no dragging and acceptable splattering
Formulation Note
Adjust pH to 9.0 with Ammonium Hydroxide (28%)
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 11.56 ponds
Key Properties
The optical properties of the prime pigments are retained by the use of Al Sil Ate W Aluminum Silicate, while lowering the cost of the formulation
Physical Constants
Viscosity 92 Krebs Unis
Nonvolatile Content 26.8% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.1%
Critical Pigment Volume Concentration 41.4%
pH 9.9
Contrast Ratio (1.0 mil) 0.982
Contrast Ratio (1.5 mils) 0.987
Contrast Ratio (3.0 mils) 0.997
60º Gloss 1.6
85º Sheen 4.9
Freeze Thaw Stability Passes five cycles
Weight per Gallon 10.99 pounds
Key Properties
Provides ideal balance between dripless properties and gelling time to guarantee proper leveling
Highly desirable rheological and physical performance properties
High degree of thixotropy
Improved suspension of pigments
Little sagging and excellent film build
Reduced water sensitivity
Good viscosity stability
Good brush out with no dragging and no dripping
Good rollout leveling with no dragging and acceptable splattering
Physical Constants
Viscosity 77 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 59% by weight
Total Solids Content 39% by volume
pH 9.3
Pigment Volume Concentration 61%
Fineness of Grind (Hegman North Standard) 4.5
Weight per Gallon 12.52 pounds
Formulation Notes
1. Adjust pH to 9.5 with Ammonium Hydroxide (28%)
2. Aroplaz 1271 Alkyd Resin should be drier treated
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 72 75 Krebs Units
Viscosity (24 Hours) 84 88 Krebs Units
Viscosity (One Month) 92 95 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 41.0% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration. 40.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.82 pounds
Key Properties
Good appearance and leveling
Freeze thaw stable
Oven stability equal to hydroxyethylcellulose thickener use
Good roller stability and spatter resistance
Rheolate 1 Rheological Additive is remarkably easy to incorporate, requires a low level of use and provides a smooth, uniform paint consistency
Enzyme resistant
Physical Constants
Viscosity 75 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 48.0% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 68.5%
pH 8.0
Weight per Gallon 11.28 pounds
Key Properties
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Lower cost formulation, by elimination of titanium dioxide
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Physical Constants
Viscosity 82 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 53% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 48.5%
Weight per Gallon 11.94 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 74 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (Hegman) 4
Pigment Volume Concentration 56%
Contrast Ratio 91.9
60º Gloss (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 2
85º Sheen (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 44
Weight per Gallon 11.93 pounds
Key Properties
Better leveling and flow
Improved scrub resistance
Improved burnishing
Higher critical pigment volume concentration with lower costs
Significant raw material savings
Physical Constants
Viscosity 83 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 60% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 70.0%
Weight per Gallon 12.68 pounds
Formulation Note
Methocel Thickener is available in various viscosity grades.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 Krebs Units
Reflectance 91.5%
85º Sheen 6%
Contrast Ratio (3 Mil Wet Film) 0.974
Enamel Holdout 60
Weight per Gallon 11.47 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 83 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 70.1%
Weight per Gallon 12.65 pounds
Key Properties
The optical properties of the prime pigments are retained by the use of Al Sil Ate W Aluminum Silicate, while lowering the cost of the formulation.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 98 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 50% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 60%
Weight per Gallon 11.65 pounds
Key Properties
Improved body and brush pick up while maintaining smooth and even flow
Formulation Note
Methocel Thickener is available in various viscosity grades.
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 11.90 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 49.2% by weight
Total Solids Content 29.86% by volume
85º Sheen 4.0
Scrub Test (20 Lava Soap Solution) 840 strokes
Weight per Gallon 11.63 pounds
Key Properties
Low water demand
Good scrub resistance
Raw material cost savings
Good dry hide, tinting strength and enamel hold out
Physical Constants
Viscosity. 98 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 52.3% by weight
Total Solids Content 33.8% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 53.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.85 pounds
Key Properties
Superior wet adhesion
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 55.3% by weight
Total Solids Content 34.8% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 60.0%
Weight per Gallon 12.24 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Hydroxyethylcellulose) 84 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) 95 Krebs Units
Nonvolatile Content 33.2% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 47.1%
Critical Pigment Volume Concentration 47.4%
pH 7.8
Contrast Ratio (1.0 mil) (HEC) 0.913 (HPMC) 0.894
Contrast Ratio (1.5 mils) (HEC) 0.964 (HPMC) 0.952
Contrast Ratio (3.0 mils) (HEC) 0.983 (HPMC) 0.973
60º Gloss 1.5
85º Sheen 1.0 1.2
Weight per Gallon 11.25 pounds
Key Properties
Provides ideal balance between dripless properties and gelling time to guarantee proper leveling
Highly desirable rheological and physical performance properties
High degree of thixotropy
Improved suspension of pigments
Little sagging and excellent film build
Reduced water sensitivity
Good viscosity stability
Good brush and roller application properties
Physical Constants
Viscosity 78 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 57.0%
Nonvolatile Content 34.0% by volume
Scrubbability (TT.P. 29G) 2,500+ cycles
60º Gloss 0.9
85º Sheen 0.5
Weight per Gallon 11.93 pounds
Key Properties
Withstands microbial degradation better than organic thickened formulations
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 60%
Nonvolatile Content 23.7% by volume
Viscosity (Initial) 79 Krebs Units
Viscosity (After four weeks) 85 Krebs Units
Hiding Power at 0.98 CR 567 sq ft per gallon
Scrubbability (2% lvory Soap Solution) 3,250
K&N Holdout 32.5%
Stain Removal (Cycles to Remove) Pencil 4
Stain Removal (Cycles to Remove) Carbon Smudge 20
Stain Removal (Cycles to Remove) Wax Crayon 35
60º Gloss (Before Washing) 3.2
60º Gloss (After Washing) 3.2
Weight per Gallon 10.95 pounds
Key Properties
Good brush leveling
Easily dispersed
Stable suspension
Good thixotropy
Improved hiding
Increased scrub resistance and hiding
Interior Flat Tint Base Paints
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 67 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 46.8%
Angular Sheen Low
Enamel Holdout 75º
Reflectance 89.1
Contrast Ratio 0.929
Weight per Gallon 11.53 pounds
Key Properties
Improved color and sheen uniformity on overlap
Reduced or eliminated streaking characteristics
Calcium carbonate plus Al Sil Ate W Aluminum Silicate usage allows substantial reduction in amounts of titanium dioxide in formula
Improved overall performance of formula with substantially lower raw material cost
Good brightness
Formulation is at optimum pigment volume level
Formulation Note
Either Tamol 850 Dispersant or an equivalent is specifically recommended to prevent viscosity build up upon aging.
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 51% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 53%
Weight per Gallon 11.58 pounds
Key Properties
Superior scrub or wet abrasion resistance
Excellent fusion characteristics and low temperature performance
Good touch up properties
Lower cost with comparable performance properties
Minimum viscosity rise upon aging
Good color acceptance for universal color systems
Physical Constants
Viscosity 79 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 55%
Hiding (White Paints)
Reflectance over Black 89.8
Reflectance over White 92.8
Contrast Ratio 0.968
Weight per Gallon 11.60 pounds
Key Properties
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Good scrubbability and stain resistance
Fair color matching characteristics
Physical Constants
Viscosity 78 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 52%
Hiding (White Paints)
Reflectance over Black 90.3
Reflectance over White 93.3
Contrast Ratio 0.968
Weight per Gallon 11.20 pounds
Key Properties
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Good scrubbability and stain resistance
Excellent color matching characteristics
Physical Constants
Viscosity 78 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 48%
Hiding (White Paints)
Reflectance over Black 90.6
Reflectance over White 93.7
Contrast Ratio 0.967
Weigh per Gallon 10.69 pounds
Key Properties
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Excellent scrubbability
Good stain resistance
Excellent color matching characteristics
Physical Constants
Viscosity 102 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.7% by weight
Total Solids Content 33.52% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.62%
pH 9.2
Weight per Gallon 11.50 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 101 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.07% by weight
Total Solids Content 33.52% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.62%
pH 9.25
Weight per Gallon 11.35 pounds
Formulation Note
Methocel Thickener is available in various viscosity grades.
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 11.09 pounds
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 49.8% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 46.2%
Key Properties
The optical properties of the prime pigments are retained by the use of Al Sil Ate W Aluminum Silicate, while lowering the cost of the formulation.
Formulation Note
Tint with Tenneco Colortrend 8800 series colorants at two ounces per gallon.
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Overnight) 108 115 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 47.1% by weight
Total Solids Content 29.5% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 65.2%
pH 7.2 7.5
Weight per Gallon 11.29 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent mechanical and chemical stability
Very good rheological and flow properties
Greately increased protection against cellulolytic enzymes
Equivalent properties to paints prepared with competitive commercial cellulosic thickeners
Interior High Quality Flat White Paints
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 95 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 32% by weight
Total Solids Content 47.2% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 40.3%
60º Gloss 3
85º Gloss (Sheen) 4
Weight per Gallon 11.01 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Overnight) 90 95 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 54.1% by weight
Total Solids Content 34.7% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 51.0%
pH 7.5 8.0
Contrast Ratio 0.985 0.990
Reflectance 0.935 0.940
85º Angular Sheen 16
Weight per Gallon 11.88 pounds
Key Properties
Increased film build and hiding
Increased yield
Physical Constants
Total Solids content 51% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 49%
Weight per Gallon 11.58 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent toughness, scrub resistance and durability
High quality color and touch up properties
Excellent color development
Good flexibility
Formulation Note
Adjust pH, as necessary, with Potassium Carbonate (10% Solution).
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 95 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 54.3% by weight
pH 8.0 8.5
Pigment Volume Concentration 54.2%
Weight per Gallon 10.88 pounds
Key Properties
High Quality
Very good flow and leveling
Excellent enamel holdout and scrub resistance
Excellent low temperature coalescence
Mercury free
Formulation Note
Adjust pH with Potassium Carbonate (10% Solution).
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 95 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 54.7% by weight
pH 8.0 8.5
Pigment Volume Concentration 54.7%
Weight per Gallon 11.81 pounds
Key Properties
High hiding white paint
Good flow and leveling
Excellent enamel holdout
Excellent scrub resistance
Excellent low temperature coalescence
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 98 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Equilibrated Unsheared) 104 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Equilibrated Sheared) 93 Krebs Units
ICI Viscosity 1.15 poises
Total Solids Content 33.4% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 59.5%
pH (Initial) 9.5
Weight per Gallon 11.80 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent interior paint
Very good leveling and film build characteristics
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 57.2% by weight
Total Solids Content 40.3% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 37.5%
Weight per Gallon 11.59 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent flow and leveling under brush or roller application, without sagging
Outstanding wet and dry adhesion to glossy oleoresinous surfaces
Unusually good scrub and abrasion resistance
Excellent color acceptance and development
Very good hiding
Excellent package stability
Formulation Notes
1. Adjust initial viscosity to 82 88 Krebs Units
2. Adjust pH to 9.5 with Ammonium Hydroxide (28%)
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 82 88 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Equilibrated) 88 94 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 53.3% by weight
Total Solids Content 35.2% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 42.6%
Weight per Gallon 11.54 pounds
Key Properties
High standard of performance
High hiding and uniform appearance due to the controlled film build and excellent flow and leveling
Maintains attractive appearance since the formulation possesses outstanding resistance to burnishing, staining and scrubbing
Excellent pigment binding properties
Hard and smooth film
Sufficient open time for smooth lapping
Excellent adhesion to many surfaces and in repaint applications
High degree of freeze thaw stability
Formulation Notes
Adjust initial viscosity to 82 88 Krebs Units
Adjust pH 9.5 with Ammonium Hydroxide (28%)
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 82 88 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Equilibrated) 84 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 54.0% by weight
Total Solids Content 34.8% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 43.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.47 Pounds
Key Properties
High standard of performance
High hiding and uniform appearance, due to the controlled film build and excellent flow and leveling
Maintains attractive appearance since the formulation possesses outstanding resistance to burnishing, staining and scrubbing.
Excellent pigment binding properties
Hard and smooth film
Sufficient open time for smooth lapping
Excellent adhesion to many surfaces and in repaint applications
High degree of freeze thaw stability
Formulation Notes
Adjust initial viscosity to 82 88 Krebs Units
Adjust pH to 9.5 with Ammonium Hydroxide (28%)
Physical Constants
Viscosity (Initial) 82 88 Krebs Units
Viscosity (Equilibrated) 88 91 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 53.8% by weight
Total Solids Content 35.3% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 42.7%
Weight per Gallon 11.50 pounds
Key Properties
High standard of performance
High hiding and uniform appearance due to the controlled film build and excellent flow and leveling
Maintains attractive appearance since the formulation possesses outstanding resistance to burnishing, staining and scrubbing
Low cost
Excellent pigment binding properties
Hard and smooth film
Sufficient open time for smooth lapping
Excellent adhesion to many surfaces and in repaint applications
High degree of freeze thaw stability
Exterior Masonry Paints and Concrete Enamels
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 85 Krebs Units
Total Nonvolatile Content 67.2% by weight
Total Nonvolatile Content 41.4% by volume
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 30.0% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 58.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.36 pounds
Key Properties
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 85 Krebs Units
Total Nonvolatile Content 65.5% by weight
Total Nonvolatile Content 41.4% by volume
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 28.5% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 58.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.67 pounds
Key Properties
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Formulation Notes
Equivalent solvents may be substituted for the Aromatic 100 and Mineral Spirits in areas subject to air pollution regulations.
Thixcin R Thixotrope at 4 5 pounds per 100 gallons or 20 pounds of a 10% Pliolite S 3 gel may be used to adjust viscosity. If the Pliolite S 3 gel is used, hold out 9 pounds of each solvent. The Pliolite S 3 Gel formula is as follows
Physical Constants
Viscosity 69 Krebs Units
Pigment Content 46.0% by weight
Vehicle Content 53.8% by weight
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 24.2% by weight
Absorption Inch Nil
Drying Time Set to Touch 15 minutes
Drying Time Dry Hard 45 minutes
Weight per Gallon 11.00 pounds
Key Properties
Suggested formulation for meeting Federal Specification TT P 97D
May be applied to exterior concrete, stucco and masonry surfaces which have been properly prepared
Formulation Note
Thixcin R Thixotrope is recommended for Pebble Mill grind.
If manufactured in a Cowles Dissolver, use Thixatrol ST Thixotrope or Bentone 38 Gellant.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 70 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 60.0% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.5%
Weight per Gallon 11.11 pounds
Key Properties
Resistant to weathering
Resistant to alkali in masonry
Repels water, but breathes moisture from painted surfaces
Excellent color uniformity over variable porosity surfaces
High degree of chemical resistance and toughness
Good adhesion and freedom from mottling, so may be applied over old paint
Excellent overall properties of durability, appearance and protection
Complete color uniformity, which requires no sealers
Physical Constants
Viscosity 77 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 64.7% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 58.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.49 pounds
Key Properties
Resistant o weathering
Resistant to alkali in masonry
Reples water, but breathes moisture from painted surfaces
Excellent color uniformity over variable porosity surfaces
High degree of chemical resistance and toughness
Good adhesion and freedom from mottling, so may be applied over old paint
Excellent overall properties of durability, appearance and protection
Complete color uniformity, which requires no sealers
Formulation Note
Equivalent solvents may be substituted for the Aromatic 100 Solvent and Mineral Spirits in areas subject to air pollution regulations.
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 63.5% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 52.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.00 pounds
Key Properties
Suggested formulation for meeting Federal Specification TT P 1181A, Type I May be applied to exterior concrete, stucco and masonry surfaces which have been properly prepared
Formulation Note
Equivalent solvents may be substituted for the Aromatic 100 Solvent and Mineral Spirits in areas subject to air pollution regulations.
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 64.4% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 53.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.06 Pounds
Key Properties
Suggested formulation for meeting Federal Specification TT P 1181A, Type I May be applied to exterior concrete, stucco and masonry surfaces which have been properly prepared
Physical Constants
Viscosity 78 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 61.9% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 58.0%
Weight per Gallon 10.98 pounds
Key Properties
Resistant to weathering
Resistant to alkali in masonry
Repels water but breathes moisture from painted surfaces
Excellent color uniformity over variable porosity surfaces
High degree of chemical resistance and toughness
Good adhesion and freedom from mottling, so may be applied over old paint
Excellent overall properties of durability, appearance and protection
Complete color uniformity, which requires no sealers
Formulation Note
Easy cold weather application for off season painting may be accomplished by adding a solvent to thin the paint to good brushing consistency for lower temperatures.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 78 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.3%
Total Solids Content 64.5% by weight
Weight per Gallon 11.46 pounds
Key Properties
Resistant to weathering
Resistant to alkali in masonry
Repels water, but breathes moisture from painted surfaces
Excellent color uniformity over variable porosity surfaces
High degree of chemical resistance and toughness
Good adhesion and freedom from mottling, so may be applied over old paint
Excellent overall properties of durability, appearance and protection
Complete color uniformity which requires no sealers
Formulation Note
Different sizes of Perlite may be used to obtain the desired texture in the finished product.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 143 + Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 70.6% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 58.0%
Weight per Gallon 9.16 pounds
Key Properties
Effective exterior coating for concrete block, stucco, precast and prestressed concrete and other masonry surfaces
Attractive and functional interior coating for ceilings, accent walls and entire rooms
Decorative monolithic coating, which hides minor surface imperfections and imparts excellent protection
Good aging characteristics and flexibility
High hiding characteristics and excellent scrubbability
Can be applied by conventional spray, brush or roller
Easily touched up
Excellent moisture and hydrostatic pressure resistance
Excellent resistance to driven rain
Formulation Note
Equivalent solvents may be substituted for the High Flash Naphtha and Mineral Spirits in areas subject to air pollution regulations.
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 11.55 pounds
Key Properties
Suggested formulation for meeting Federal Specification TT P 1181A, Type II May be applied to exterior concrete, stucco and masonry surfaces which have been properly prepared
Physical Constants
Viscosity 75 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 65.1% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 56.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.49 pounds
Key Properties
Resistant to weathering
Resistant to alkali in masonry
Repels water, but breathes moisture from painted surfaces
Excellent color uniformity over variable porosity surfaces
High degree of chemical resistance and toughness
Good adhesion and freedom from mottling, so may be applied over old paint
Excellent overall properties of durability, appearance and protection
Complete color uniformity, which requires no sealers
Interior Flat White and Tint Base Paints
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 28.1% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 52.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.34 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent pigment suspension
Good brush and roller application
Excellent flow and leveling
Reduced roller spattering
Better wet edge control
Good color acceptance with more uniform color development
No adverse effect on scrub resistance, with an increase in water resistance
Formulation Note
Methocel J20MS, J12MS or K15MS may be substituted for Methocel K 15M. If, so the pH must be above 8.5 to compeletely break the crosslink needed for good dispersion.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 50% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 50%
Weight per Gallon 10.83 pounds
Key Properties
Significant resistance to viscosity loss due to enzyme catalyzed breakdown
Excellent viscosity and pH stability
Improved open time over surfaces of varying porosity
Excellent thickening characteristics
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (Hegman) 6
Pigment Volume Concentration 56%
Contrast Ratio 97.2
60º Gloss (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 3
85º Sheen (Sealed Paper) 57
85º Sheen (Unsealed Paper) 55
Weight per Gallon 11.87 pounds
Key Properties
Improved brushability
Better Stain removal
Higher hiding, gloss and sheen
Improved tinting color uniformity
Formulation Notes
Other surface treated Methocel products, such as J5MS, J20MS, J75MS, K4MS or K15MS may be substituted for the methocel J 12MS Thickener.
Adjust pH of finished product to 6.0 to 8.0
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 52% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 50%
Weight per Gallon 12.17 pounds
Key Properties
Significant resistance to viscosity loss due to enzyme catalyzed breakdown
Excellent Viscosity and pH stability
Improved open time over surfaces of varying porosity
Excellent thickening characteristics
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (Hegman) 6
Pigment Volume Concentration 56%
Contrast Ratio 96.9
60º Gloss (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 2
85º Sheen (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 45
Weight per Gallon 11.74 pounds
Key Properties
Improved brushability
Better stain removal
Higher hiding
Higher gloss and sheen
Improved tinting color uniformity
Physical Constants
Viscosity 74 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (Hegmen) 6
Pigment Volume Concentration 56%
Contrast Ratio 92.8
60º Gloss (Sealed and Unsealed paper) 3
85º Sheen (Sealed and Unsealed Paper) 45
Weight per Gallon 11.93 pounds
Key Properties
Improved brushability
Higher hiding, gloss and sheen
Better stain removal
Improved tinting color uniformity
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 51%
Weight per Gallon 11.56 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 85 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.4% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 53.2%
Weight per Gallon 11.66 pounds
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 48% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 62%
Weight per Gallon 1.52 pounds
Key Properties
Tough, scrub reistant and durable film
Excellent flexibility and adhesion
Excellent enamel holdout, sheen and color development properties
Physical Constants
Viscosity 93 98 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 49.3% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 64.4%
pH 7.5 to 7.9
Reflectance (3 Mil Wet Film) 0.900 to 0.905
Contrast (3 Mil Wet Film) 0.963 to 0.970
Weight per Gallon 11.61 pounds
Key Properties
Excellent color development
Excellent touch up properties
Excellent enamel holdout and scrubbability, without sacrificing hiding
Physical Constants
Viscosity 86 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.3% by weight
Total Solids Content 31.2% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 57.1%
Weight per Gallon 11.87 pounds
Dry Hard Time 45 minutes
85º Specular Gloss 4
Fineness of Grind (North Standard) 4
Scrubbability More than 800 cycles
Key Properties
Meets requirements for Federal Specification TT P 29H, Type I.
Formulation Notes
Natrosol Thickener is available in various viscosity grades.
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 12.08 pounds
Key Properties
Meets requirements of Federal Specification TT P 29J
Physical Constants
Viscosity 93 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.4% by weight
Total Solids Content 31.3% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 57.7%
pH 7.97
Weight per Gallon 11.87 pounds
Dry Hard 45 minutes
Opacity (Contrast Ratio Dry) 0.962
Opacity (Contrast Ratio Rewetted) 0.961
85º Specular Gloss 4
Fineness of Grind (North Standard) 4
Key Properties
Meets requirements for Federal Specification TT P 29J
Physical Constants
Viscosity 93 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 51.4% by weight
Total Solids Content 31.3% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 57.5%
pH 7.20
Weight per Gallon 11.87 pounds
Dry Hard 45 minutes
Reflectance (Type I White) Passes 90
Opacity (Contrast Ratio Dry) 0.962
Opacity (Contrast Ratio Rewetted) 0.961
85º Specular Gloss 4
Yellow Accelerated (White Only) 0.03
Fineness of Grind (North Standard) 4
Scrubbability Passes 800 cylces
Interior Low Cost Flat White Paints
Formulation Note
Methocel Thickener is available in various viscosity grades.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 86 90 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 48.5% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 60.7%
Weight per Gallon 11.32 pounds
Key Properties
The optical properties of the prime pigments are retained by the use of Al Sil Ate W Aluminum Silicate, while lowering the cost of the formulation.
Physical Constants
Viscosity @ 77°F 89 Krebs Units
Novolatile Content 25% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 75%
PH 7.6
60° Gloss 2.1
85° Sheen 1.5
Opacity at 450 square feet/gallon 0.986
Opacity at 630 square feet/gallon 0.956
Weight per Gallon 11.28 pounds
Key Properties
Ultra low cost formulation due to low titanium dioxide loading
Low angular sheen
Complete hiding at 450 square feet/gallon
Good holdout
Thixotropic character
Physical Constants
Viscosity 87 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 66.5%
Reflectance (Black) 87.4
Reflectance (White) 90.9
Contrast Ratio 0.961
Hiding (Sx) 7.4
85º Sheen 2.0
Weight per Gallon 11.76 pounds
Key Properties
Equivalent performance with a 20% by weight replacement of titanium dioxide, resulting in a lower cost formulation.
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good scrubbability, stain resistance and enamel holdout
Physical Constants
Viscosity 87 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 67.6%
Reflectance (Black) 87.5
Reflectance (White) 91.0
Contrast Ratio 0.962
Hiding (Sx) 7.1
85º Sheen 2.0
Weight per Gallon 11.86 pounds
Key Properties
Equivalent performance with a 20% by weight replacement of titanium dioxide, resulting in a lower cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good scrubbability, stain resistance and enamel holdout
Physical Constants
Viscosity 74 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 71%
Hiding (Sx) 7.3
Weight per Gallon 11.82 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Excellent scrubbability
Good stain resistance
Physical Constants
Viscosity 72 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 71%
Hiding (Sx) 6.1
Weight per Gallon 11.92 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Excellent scrubbability
Good stain resistance
Physical Constants
Viscosity 74 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 65.2%
60° Gloss 2.5
85° Sheen 2.0
Scrubbability (Strokes to Failure) 425
Hiding (Sx) 4.9
Weight per Gallon 11.19 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good stain removal
Physical Constants
Viscosity 77 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 70.8%
60° Gloss 2.5
85° Sheen 2.0
Scrubbability (Strokes to Failure) 310
Hiding (Sx) 4.2
Weight per Gallon 11.89 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good stain removal
Physical Constants
Viscosity 87 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 69.3%
Reflectance (Black) 84.2
Reflectance (White) 89.3
Contrast Ratio 0.943
Hiding (Sx) 5.7
85° Sheen 2.0
Weight per Gallon 12.15 pounds
Key Properties
Equivalent performance with a 20% by weight replacement of titanium dioxide, resulting in a lower cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good scrubbability, stain resistance and enamel holdout
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 45.8% by weight
Total Solids Content 28.6% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 59%
Reflectance 0.91
Contrast Ratio 0.975
Contrast Ratio (Toned) 0.985
85° Gloss 2.0
75° Gloss 2.0
Weight per Gallon 10.91 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost
Excellent touch up
Low sheen
Minimum burnishing
Physical Constants
Viscosity 77 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 64.7%
60° Gloss 2.5
85° Sheen 2.0
Scrubbability (Strokes to Failure) 415
Hiding (Sx) 5.6
Weight per Gallon 11.07 pounds
Key Properties
Low cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good stain removal
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 46.3% by weight
Pigment, Volume Concentration 59.7%
Fineness of Grind (Hegman North Standard) 4.5
Contrast Ratio 0.94
Reflectance 92.0%
Weight per Gallon 11.26 pounds
Key Properties
Equivalent performance with a 25% by weight replacement of titanium dioxide, resulting in a lower cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Physical Constants
Viscosity 87 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 70.0%
Reflectance (Black) 86.3
Reflectance (White) 90.0
Contrast Ratio 0.959
Hiding (Sx) 6.9
85° Sheen 2.0
Weight per Gallon 12.14 pounds
Key Properties
Equivalent performance with a 20% by weight replacement of titanium dioxide, resulting in a lower cost formulation
Improved rheological properties with better flow and leveling
Improved shelf stability
Reduced sheen
Improved dry hide
Very good scrubbability, stain resistance and enamel holdout.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 86 Krebs Units
Total Solids Content 27.7% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 74%
PH 7.7
Weight per Gallon 12.02 pounds
Key Properties
Increased film build and hiding
Increased yield
Low cost
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 100 Krebs Units
Total Solids content 49.1% by weight
Total Solids content 29.7% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 72%
Weight per Gallon 11.59 pounds
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 100 Krebs Units
Total Solids content 49.1% by weight
Total Solids content 29.7% by volume
Pigment Volume Concentration 72%
Weight per Gallon 11.59 pounds
Industrial Paints
These are coatings that are used on rubber, wood, paper, plastic, metal, glass, and any other type of manufactured object. Required characteristics are as varied as the market itself from photosensitive materials to floral patterned wallpaper. They may be decorative or integrally involved in the product s function or both. Most, however, are designed for the large scale, specific application techniques available in factories.
Application
For maximum gloss, the primer must be applied in a very thin coat. A spraying viscosity of 15s or a solids of 55% is suggested. Best results are obtained by using a partially throttled gun and reduced air pressure. The primed surface is baked for 20 min at 400F. Lower baking temperatures reduce the adhesion and gloss of the enamel. Air drying of the primer is not necessary.
Due to the comparatively thin enamel coat to be applied, it is important that the primer be applied uniformly. Best results are obtained by sanding the primer coat to remove any surface irregularities. However, if the primer coat is uniform, sanding is not necessary.
The above formulation is at storage viscosity at 60% solids. It can be reduced with xylene for spray application at about 50% solids.
The enamel as made at 65% solids is at storage viscosity. It will spray satisfactorily at about 58% solids when reduced with xylol. The suggested baking schedule is 30 min at 300 F.
This enamel, when applied in a single coat over bonderized steel and baked for 30 min at 300 F, will pass a 100 hr soak test in a 0.5% Rinso solution at 165 F. It will withstand immersion in 30% sodium hydroxide for 9 days at room temperature and still retain excellent gloss. Even after a drastic overbake of 40 hr at 325 f., the film retains good color and high gloss.
For highest resistance to alkali, the alkyd portion of the vehicle should be comprised solely of Duraplex ND 78. However, Duraplex A 27, to the extent of 25% of the alkyd component, can be substituted to give slightly greater adhesion with only a slight sacrifice in resistance to soap and alkali. This latter type of formulation permits one coat application.
Resistant to solvents, chemicals, soap solutions, salt solutions, etc. Excellent flexibility. High resin solids content.
Excellent primer vehicle. The alkyd improves resistance to salt spray immediate to scribed area, allows higher pigment concentrations and lower cost. The 75108 greatly improves the chemical resistance. The humidity resistance is outstanding and the resistance to strong solvents is superior to that of straight alkyds.
Using the above formulation, an unscribed 1½ mil coating (2 coat system) on plain, clean steel with edges protected showed no effect after exposure to salt spray for two years. The final bake was 20 25 min at 400F.
Designed for maximum chemical, solvent, alkali and acid resistance plus some film flexibility.
Excellent chemical, solvent, alkali and acid resistance. It is designed for use in drum and container corrosion resistant linings where rough handling is expected.
Designed for maximum chemical solvent, alkali and acid resistance plus very good film flexibility.* Suggested for use in drum and container corrosion resistant linings, where continuous rough handling is expected. Versatile, with a favorable balance of chemical resistance and flexibility. It is an excellent starting formulation for any corrosion resistant application. Shelf life about one year.
3 6 months resistance to 16% caustic at 195 F (90C) is normal for 4 6 mil multiple coats. Comparable caustic resistance is also possible at baking temperatures at low as 300F using 1 1.5% phenol sulfonic acid in place of phosphoric acid. The steel substrate must be wash primed however to prevent attack by the acid. The acetone resistance is lessened with phenol sulfonic acid the coating can be scratched with a thumbnail after 45 min immersion in acetone.
Reduce to spray with the following solvent mixture methyl ethyl ketone, butyl acetate, ethylglycol acetate, toluene (4 1 4 1 pbw).
To accelerate the cure rate, 0.2% zinc octoate (8% Zn) or 0.5% Desmorapid PP (each based on resin solids) may be added.
The addition of 1% Bentone 27, based on pigment, reduces the hard setting tendencies. This finish coat is noted for high solvent and chemical resistance as well as resistance to color change and chalking in exterior exposures. For the ultimate in weather resistance, this finish should be top coated with a Desmophen 650A/Multron R 221/Desmodur N 75 system.
Thin one volume of primer base with one volume of spray thinner. The presence of M P A 60 (Toluene) (a) overcame the pronounced settling of pigment in the thinned formula on prolonged standing, (b) improved the spray characteristics, and (c) brought the sagging tendency under control.
Procedure
Prepare a solution of Epon 1007 in Cellosolve acetate/xylene (1/1 by weight) at a suitable solids concentration so that all of the Epon resin is contained in the grind. Disperse the pigment and Thixatrol ST in this solution in a pebble mill (at about 100F). Let down with the Beckamine P 196 and remaining solvents. Poor gloss may result if part of the Epon resin is used in letting down this dispersion.
Application
For spray application reduce further with Cellosolve acetate/toluene (1/1) by weight. Recommended baking schedule 20 min at 385F.
Procedure
The pigment, extender, Nuosperse 657, Eponol 53 L 32, and M P A 60 are dispersed on a 3 roll mill. This dispersion is then let down with the phenolic resin solution and the remaining solvent.
Application
This enamel will provide very good chemical resistance, and its lack of gloss is extremely important in those applications demanding glare free surfaces.
This enamel will provide very good chemical resistance, and its lack of gloss is extremely important in those applications demanding glare free surfaces.
This coating system is characterized by high resistance to household stains and chemicals. It is recommended for evaluation as an appliance enamel, where a high degree of flexibility is not required and the slight color change which occurs upon exposure to sunlight can be tolerated.
Clear coatings and white enamels for metals made with a combination of Acryloid B 72 and Bakelite vinyl resin VAGH modified with Uformite F 240 and Paraplex G 60 show exceptional retention, gloss, heat stability, adhesion, and chemical resistance.
A suggested formulation for a clear coating of this type follows. When baked for 15 min at 325 F, this coating develops good hardness and partially thermosets. It gives excellent resistance to chemicals and shows high gloss and clarity.
Uformite nitrogen resins are used to crosslink hydroxyl functional thermosetting acrylic resins of the Acryloid series to produce a baking type coating. The following formulation is a good starting point for evaluating this coating system.
Raybo 3 (0.05% based on acrylic solids) should be added to the enamel. For spray application, reduce the base enamel with a solvent blend of xylene/Solvesso 100/n butanol (2/1/1) to a No. 4 Ford Cup viscosity of 17s. Spray solids will be approximately 46%.
Raybo 3 (0.05%) should be added to the enamel, based on acrylic solids. For spray application, reduce the base enamel with a solvent blend of xylol/Solvesso 100/n butanol 2/1/1 to 17s (#4 Ford Cup visc.).
Application
This enamel should be sprayed over the primer shown below. Optimum spraying viscosity is about 15 s (No. 4 Ford Cup) at 27% solids. Higher solids give too thick a coat and produce blistering on baking. Best spray results are obtained by using a partially throttled gun and reduced air pressure.
Two enamel coats are applied with a 1 hr air dry between coats in a dustless atmosphere. A ½ hr air dry is allowed before baking. Force drying is not recommended due to the tendency to produce inferior gloss and a pebbly surface pattern. Prolonged drying before baking will give reduced gloss.
Baking at high temperature is required to obtain maximum hardness. Good results are obtained at 350F for 30 min or at 400F for 20 min.
Application Properties
The application properties of Acryloid AT 70 were tested in our laboratory using the white baking enamel in this formula. The enamel was reduced with a mixture of xylol and Cellosolve acetate in a 3/1 ratio to spray viscosity (19s to 21s in a #4 Ford Cup). The recommended minimum baking schedule of 30 min at 350F was used.
The application properties of the formulation and the preceding two were tested in our laboratory. The baking schedules of 10 min at 375F, and 10 min at 400F, were both used in evaluating these formulations. The latter baking schedule gives complete cure.
Acrylic General Purpose Enamel
Acryloid A 21 is another hard acrylic resin which is useful in appliance finishing. the hard acrylics are sometimes formulated with plasticizers to improve the flexibility of the coating. Plasticized and unplasticized enamels follow together with an extensive evaluation of comparative properties determined at several bake schedules. The improvement in adhesion, hardness and gloss at higher bake schedules should be noted.
Interior Gloss White Enamels
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 20.4%
Total Nonvolatile Vehicle 43.7% by weight
Viscosity Fresh 92 Krebs Units
Viscosity One Day 93 Krebs Units
Viscosity 30 days 94 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 9.68 pounds
Key Properties
Exceptionally sharp gloss
Excellent color retention
Fast tack free drying
Tough, flexible film
Good water and alkali resistance
Good package stability
Good brushing characteristics
Excellent self sealing properties
Good leveling
Nonsagging
Good adhesion of top coats
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 90 Krebs Units
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 40% by weight
Pigment Volume Concentration 18.7%
Pigment Content 26.5% by weight
Weight per Gallon 9.25 pounds
Key Properties
Fast drying speed
Excellent color retention
Excellent initial gloss and gloss retention
Excellent water and alkali resistance.
Formulation Note
For maximum consistency and sag control, grind on mill that will develop minimum temperature of 1700F on paste. Add 4 pounds of M.P.A 60 or Thixatrol ST Thixotropes for additional sag control. Introduce Thixatrol ST in thindown and disperse at a maximum temperature of 1400F.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 100 110 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 9.91 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 17.6%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 53.1% by weight
600 Gloss (Sealed paper Panel) 86 88
600 Gloss (Sealed Paper Panel) 86 88
Brushometer Reading at 103 K.U. 108
Key Properties
Heavy bodied, high gloss enamel with exceptionally easy brushing properties
Characteristics permit full brush loading with excellent resistance to dripping and running.
Good durability and color retention
Good gloss over porous surfaces
Physical Constants
Weight per Gallon 10.25 pounds
Fineness of Grind (Hegman Gauge) 5 6
Key Properties
Very fine grind enamel
Improved film build
Nonsagging properties
Improved pigment suspension
Elimination of streaking, flooding and floating
Excellent gloss retention
Improved film hardness and adhesion
Physical Constants
Viscosity 83 87 Krebs Units
Pigment Volume Concentration 23.5%
Vehicle Solids Content 43.0% by weight
Weight per Gallon 9.65 pounds
Key Properties
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Physical Constants
Viscosity 90 100 Krebs Units
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 51.2% by weight
Gloss 80 85
Fineness of Grind 7
Pigment Content 35.4% by weight
Weight per Gallon 9.94 pounds
Key Properties
Fast air drying
Outstanding gloss and gloss retention
Abrasion resistant
Excellent water and alkali resistance
Key Properties
Dries fast
Hard finish
Excellent color retention
Good durability
Formulation Note
Replace Aroplaz 1086 M 50 with Aroplaz 2502 M 60 Alkyd Resin Solution for even faster drying.
Physical Constants
Viscosity 72 80 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.04 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 25.1%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 45.5% by weight
Key Properties
Very good color and color retention, gloss and gloss retention
Excellent durability
Fast drying
Hard film
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 18.8%
Vechicle Nonvolatile Content 51.7% by weight
Viscosity Overnight 70 krebs Units
Viscosity Two Months 74 krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.08 pounds
Key Properties
Good durability
Good color and gloss retention
Excellent application properties
Positive through dry
Physical Constants
Viscosity 81 Krebs Units
Fineness of Grind (North Standard) 6½ 7
60º Gloss 93
Weight per Gallon 10.89 pounds
Key Properties
Thixotropic with no increased viscosity
Good color development
Excellent initial color and color retention
Outstanding pigment and filler suspension
Suppressed floating and flooding
Physical Constants
Pigment Volume Concentration 23%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 43% by weight
Viscosity Fresh 77 Krebs Units
Viscosity One Month 77 Krebs Units
Viscosity Two Month 78 Krebs Units
Viscosity Three Months 75 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 9.22 Pounds
Key Properties
Fast Positive dry even under adverse conditions
Excellent color and gloss retention
Good hardness and durability
Abrasion resistant
Good flexibility
Good water resistance
Economical
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 68.9% by weight
Viscosity 75 Krebs Units
Pigment / Resin Ratio 100/100 by weight
Weight per Gallon 10.17 pounds
Key Properties
High quality enamel
Superior gloss and gloss retention, even under high humidity conditions
Excellent color and color retention with minimum contrast between masked and exposed areas
Unusual depth and fullness of enamel appearance
Infinite solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons
Fast drying
Physical Constants
Viscosity Initial 80 Krebs Units
Gloss 60º 95
Pigment Volume Concentration 18.50%
Pigment/Binder Ratio 0.87 by weight
Nonvolatile Vehicle Content 51.50% by weight
Total Solids Content 66.50% by weight
Weight per Gallon 9.90 pounds
Key Properties
Nonyellowing
Rapid through dry
Improved alkali resistance
High gloss
May be applied by brush, spray or rollercoat
Excellent water and weather resistance
Physical Constants
Total Solids Content 68.9% by weight
Viscosity 75 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.11 pounds
Pigment/Resin Ratio by Weight 100/100
Key Properties
Sagging eliminated
Reduced pigment settling and flooding
Enhanced brushability
Increased viscosity
Controlled penetration
Physical Constants
Viscosity 80 90 Krebs Units
Weight per Gallon 10.04 pounds
Pigment Volume Concentration 16.7%
Vehicle Nonvolatile Content 55.6% by weight
60º Gloss 93.95
Key Properties
Excellent initial color and color retention
Improved resistance to seeding in the presence of zinc oxide
Good set to touch, through dry and less than 24 hour tack free dry
Excellent nonyellowing properties