Search
 
The Complete Technology Book on Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides (Agrochemicals) with Formulae, Manufacturing Process, Machinery & Equipment Details 4th Revised Edition
The Complete Technology Book on Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides (Agrochemicals) with Formulae, Manufacturing Process, Machinery & Equipment Details 4th Revised Edition ( New Arrival ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author Dr. Himadri Panda ISBN 9788195577538
Code ENI79 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 1975   1975 US$ 51   51
Pages: 560 Published 2024
Publisher Niir Project Consultancy Services
Usually Ships within 5 days

Description:

 

Agrochemicals are chemical agents that are applied to fields to boost the nutrient content of the soil or crops. Herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides are among them, as are synthetic fertilizers, hormones, and soil conditioners. They boost agricultural growth by eradicating pests that wreak havoc. They are used in horticulture, dairy farming, poultry farming, crop shifting, commercial planting, and other farming industries.

v  A pesticide is any substance that is used to kill, repel, or control pests in plants or animals.

v  Insecticides are chemicals that are used to keep insects under control by killing them or stopping them from engaging in undesired or damaging behaviour. Their structure and mode of action are used to classify them.

v  Fungicides are pesticides that kill or prevent fungus and their spores from growing. They can be used to manage plant-damaging fungi such as rusts, mildews, and blights. They could also be used to keep moulds and mildew at bay in other places.

v  Herbicides are chemicals that are used to control or manage unwanted vegetation. Herbicides are most commonly used in row-crop farming, where they are treated before or during planting to increase crop productivity while reducing other vegetation.

The global agrochemicals market estimated size is CAGR of 3.4%. Increasing demand for food supply due to the rapid growth in the human population has triggered agricultural intensification. Agrochemicals are widely employed in agriculture to meet rising food demands, bridging the gap between food supply and consumption. Concurrently imbalanced use of agrochemicals, on the other hand, degrades the environment and poses serious threats to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Chemical agents used in agricultural lands to increase nutrient shortage in the field or crop are known as agrochemicals. They also help to boost crop development by destroying hazardous insects. Agrochemicals increase the quantity and quality of agricultural goods. These are utilized in horticulture, dairy farming, cattle, grain farming, shifting cultivation, commercial plantation, and many other agricultural fields.

The book covers a wide range of topics connected to Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides, as well as their manufacturing processes. It also includes contact information for machinery suppliers, as well as images of equipments.

A complete guide on Agrochemical Products manufacture and entrepreneurship. This book serves as a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about the Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides manufacturing industry, which is ripe with opportunity for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that covers Agrochemical in depth. From concept through equipment procurement, it is a veritable feast of how-to information.

 

Content

 

 

 The Complete Technology Book on

Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides

and

Herbicides (Agrochemicals)

with Formulae, Manufacturing Process, Machinery & Equipment Details

 

 

 

CONTENTS

1.       AGROCHEMICALS

1.1            Introduction

1.2            Classifications

1.3            Benefits

1.4            Effects

1.5            Needs and Precautions

 

2.       MANAGEMENT   OF   AGRO-CHEMICALS   FOR   IMPROVED PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

2.1            Introduction

2.2            A Strategy for Better Agrochemical Management and Use Implementing the Strategy as a Whole

2.2.1          Multilevel Response

2.2.2          Nine Regional Projects for Implementation

2.3            Using Agro-Chemical Management in a Coordinated Way

2.4            Implementing GAP and Other Good Practice Codes of

Conduct

2.5            Informing Management Decisions

2.5.1          Public Health Monitoring

2.5.2          Environmental Monitoring

2.5.3          Further Research

2.6            Supporting Improved Agro-Chemical Use and Management

2.6.1          Sustainable Financing

2.6.2          Communication and Education

2.6.3          Capacity Building

2.7            Strategy Implementation

 


 

3.       AGROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY OUTLOOK

3.1            Diverse Changes Indicate a Continuously Evolving Industry

3.1.1          Longer Product Development Cycles and Escalating Costs

3.1.2          Increasing Stringency of Regulatory Requirements

3.1.3          Government Farm Subsidy Reduction

3.1.4          The Accelerated Pace of Change within and in Adjacent Markets

3.2            Current Performance and Strategy of Nurturing the Growth

Momentum

3.2.1          Leveraging M&A to Optimize Portfolio and Extend Geographical Presence

3.2.2          Focusing on Innovation and R&D to Develop and Commercialize New Products

3.2.3          Bolstering Product Offerings with Digital Technologies to Enhance the Firm-Farmer Engagement

3.3            Opportunities and Challenges in Agrochemicals Today

3.4            Strategic Positioning Uncertainty and Opportunity

3.4.1          Business Strategy & Growth

3.4.2          Digital Transformation

3.4.3          Governance and Board

3.4.4          Innovation

3.4.5          Marketing & Sales

3.4.6          Private Enterprise

3.5            Strategic Positioning Required in a Future That is Uncertain but Full of Opportunities

3.5.1          Capturing Value from Increasing Interest in Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Precision Farming

3.5.2          Taking Advantage of Asset-Light Business Model and Achieving Innovation Success

3.5.3          Recognizing Long-Term Opportunities that Masquerade as Challenges

3.6            The Future of Agrochemicals: Capturing Value

4.       AGROCHEMICALS MANUFACTURING

4.1            Dispersing and Deagglomeration

4.1.1          Dispersion into Liquids

4.2            Dispersion of Nanomaterials (Nanoparticles)

4.2.1          Dispersion of Nanoparticles

4.2.2          Dispersing and Size Reduction of Nanomaterials


 

4.3            Emulsifying

4.3.1          Stabilizing Emulsifiers

4.3.2          Devices for Efficient Emulsification

4.4            Ultrasonic Dissolving of Solids in Liquids

4.5            Sonochemical Reaction and Synthesis

4.6            Phase Transfer Catalysis

4.7            Agrochemical Formulations

4.8            Processing

4.8.1          Drying

4.8.2          Milling

4.8.3          Blending

4.8.4          Agglomeration

5.       AGROCHEMICAL TESTING

5.1            Testing Technology

5.2            Methods of Analysis for Pesticide Residues

5.3            Methods for Testing Agricultural Chemical Residues in Food

5.3.1          Validation Procedure

(1) Selectivity

(2) Trueness

(3) Precision

(4) Limit of Quantification

5.4            Method Validation and Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food and Feed

5.5            Sampling, Transport, Processing and Storage of Samples

5.5.1          Sampling

5.5.2          Laboratory Sample Transportation

5.5.3          Sample Preparation and Processing Prior to Analysis

5.5.4          Identity, Purity, and Storage of Standards

5.5.5          Preparation and Storage of Stock Standards

5.5.6          Preparation, Use and Storage of Working Standards

5.6            Testing and Replacement of Standards

5.6.1          Extraction and Concentration

5.6.2          Extraction Conditions and Efficiency

5.6.3          Extract Concentration and Dilution to Volume

5.7            Contamination and Interference

5.7.1          Contamination

5.7.2          Interference

 


 

5.8            Analytical Calibration, Representative Analytes, Matrix Effects and Chromatographic Integration

5.8.1          General Requirements

5.8.2          Calibration

5.9            Representative Analytes

5.10        Matrix Effects and Matrix-Matched Calibration

5.11        Standard Addition

5.12        Effects of Pesticide Mixtures on Calibration

5.12.1       Calibration for Pesticides that are Mixtures of Isomers

5.12.2       Calibration using Derivatives or Degradation Products

5.12.3       Chromatographic Integration

5.13        Analytical Method Validation and Performance Criteria

5.13.1       Qualitative Screening Methods

•       On-going Performance Verification during Routine Analysis

5.13.2       Quantitative Methods

5.13.3       Initial Method Validation

•       On-going Performance Verification (Routine Recovery Determination)

5.13.4       Methods for Determination of Fat or Dry Weight Content

5.13.5       Proficiency Testing and Analysis of Reference Materials

5.14        Agrochemicals Solutions Technology

5.14.1       Spectrum 3 MIR/NIR/FIR Spectrometer

5.14.2       Max ICP-OES Scott/Cross-Flow Configuration

5.14.3       Gas Chromatography (GC)

5.15        Agrochemicals Testing Solutions

5.15.1       Atomic Spectroscopy

•       Atomic Absorption (AA)

•       Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES & ICP-AES) Instruments

•       Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Instruments

•       Mercury Analysis Systems

•       Microwave Systems

5.15.2       Chromatography

•       Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

•       Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS & LC/MS/MS)

•       Liquid Chromatography

•       Discover the LC 300 HPLC and UHPLC Systems

 


 

5.15.3       Molecular Spectroscopy

•       Infrared Spectroscopy

•       Fluorescence Spectroscopy

•       Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy

•       FT-IR Microscopy & Imaging Systems

5.15.4       Thermal Analysis

•       Thermogravimetry (TGA)

•       Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

•       Mechanical Analysis (DMA & TMA)

•       Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA

6.       PACKAGING OF AGROCHEMICALS

6.1            Selection of Packaging Types

6.1.1          Selection of Packaging Materials for Solid Formulations

6.1.2          Selection of Packaging Materials for Liquid Formulations

6.1.3          Plastics

6.1.4          Metal

6.1.5          Glass

6.2            Specifications

6.3            Packaging Instructions

6.4            Closures

6.4.1          Prevention of Leakage

6.4.2          Tamper Evidence

6.4.3          Closure Diameter - Liquid Products

6.4.4          Dispensing Liquid Products from Packs Designed for Pouring

6.5            Labelling

6.6            Shelf Life

6.7            Pack Design With Regard to Easy Rinsing and Disposal

6.8            Types of Secondary Packaging

6.8.1          Unit Cartons

6.8.2          Combination with Primary Pack

6.8.3          Methods for Protection of Unit Loads

 

7.       REGISTER A PESTICIDE BUSINESS (PESTICIDE LICENSE)

7.1            Procedure

7.2            Required Documents

7.3            Eligibility

7.4            Validity

 

 


 

8.       PESTICIDE REGISTRATION PROCESS-EPA (UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY)

8.1            Risk Assessments to Analyses the Potential for Harm

8.2            The Evaluation Process

8.3            Federal Pesticide Laws

8.4            The Pesticide Label

8.5            Compliance and Enforcement

9.       HOW TO START PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS

10.   PESTICIDES

10.1        How do Pesticides “Work”?

10.1.1       Organophosphates

10.1.2       Organochlorines (Chlorinated Hydrocarbons)

10.1.3       Carbamates and Thiocarbamates

10.1.4       Pyrethroids (Synthetic)

10.2        Types of Pesticides

10.3        Chemical Pesticides

10.4        Biopesticides

10.5        Benefits of Pesticides

10.6        Classification of Pesticides

10.7        Pesticide Formulations

10.8        Pesticides Modes of Action

10.8.1       Insecticides

10.8.2       Fungicides

10.8.3       Herbicides

10.9        Pesticide Behavior in the Environment

10.9.1       Pesticide Degradation

10.9.2       Pesticide Migration

•       Sorption

•       Leaching

•       Spray Drift

•       Volatilization

•       Surface Runoff

 

11.   APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES

11.1        Choice of Chemicals (Insecticides)

11.2        Timing of Pesticide Application

11.2.1       Stage of Development of Pests

11.2.2       The Growth Stage of the Crop

 


 

11.2.3       The Development Stage of Natural Enemies and Activity of Honey Bees

11.2.4       The Severity of Damage or Infestation

11.2.5       The Type of Weather and the Time of Day

11.2.6       Pre-Harvest Interval

12.   PRODUCTION OF PESTICIDES

12.1        Raw Materials

12.2        The Manufacturing Process

12.2.1       Synthesizing the Pesticide

12.2.2       Formulating the Pesticide

12.2.3       Diluting the Pesticide

12.2.4       Applying the Pesticide

 

13.   PESTICIDE APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

13.1        Dusters

13.1.1       Hand Operated Dusters

13.1.2       Plunger Tube Dusters

13.1.3       Hand Crank Dusters

13.1.4       Foot Pump Dusters

13.1.5       Power Dusters

13.1.6       Electric Motor Powered Dusters

13.1.7       Gasoline Motor Powered Dusters

13.1.8       Air Pressure Dusters

13.2        Sprayers

13.2.1       Hand Operated Sprayers Flit Gun

13.2.2       Small Hydraulic Sprayer

13.2.3       Compressed Air Sprayers

13.2.4       Electric or Gasoline-Operated Sprayers (Powered Spraying)

•       Tanks

•       Pumps

a)     Piston Pump

b)     Centrifugal Pumps

c)      Roller Pumps

d)     Internal and External Gear Pumps

e)     Diaphragm Pump

f)      Flexible Impeder Pump

g)     Vane Pump

•       Hoses

•       Nozzles


 

•       Strainers

•       Valves

•       Pressure Regulators

•       Agitators

13.2.5       Gas Generating Sprayers

13.2.6       Granular Applicators

13.2.7       Brush Application

13.2.8       Fumigant Injection

13.2.9       Spot Treatment

13.2.10    Crack and Crevice Treatment

13.2.11    U.L.V.

13.2.12    Soil Injection

13.2.13    Sub-Slab Injection

14.   PLANT LAYOUT   DESCRIPTION   OF   PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS

15.   ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

15.1        Role of Manufacturers

15.1.1       Development and Packaging

15.1.2       Advertising and Marketing of Agrochemicals

15.2        Role of Government Agencies

15.2.1       Product Registration

15.2.2       Promulgating Regulations

15.2.3       Provisions for Enforcement and Advisory Services

15.2.4       International Exchange of Information

15.3        Role of Retailers

15.4        Role of Employers and Their Organizations

15.5        Role of Workers and Their Organizations

15.6        Role of the Public

16.   PESTICIDE MIXTURES

16.1        Introduction

16.2        Benefits Associated with Pesticide Mixtures

16.3        Concerns Associated with Pesticide Mixtures

16.4        Pesticide Mixtures and Resistance Mitigation

16.5        Pesticide Mixtures and Natural Enemies

17.   PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS

17.1        Type

17.2        Formulation Process


 

17.2.1       Sorption

17.2.2       Solution

17.2.3       Suspension

17.2.4       Emulsion

17.3        Formulation Selection Considerations

17.3.1       Applicator Safety

17.3.2       Environmental Concerns

17.3.3       Pest Biology

17.3.4       Available Equipment

17.3.5       Surfaces to be Protected

17.3.6       Cost

17.4        Common Pesticide Formulations

17.4.1       Solid Formulations

17.4.2       Dusts

17.4.3. Granules

17.4.4     Pellets

•       Wettable Powders

•       Dry Flowables

•       Soluble Powders

17.5        Liquid Formulations

18.   VARIOUS METHODS IN PESTICIDE

FORMULATION ANALYSIS

18.1        Titrimetry

18.2        Types of Titrations

18.2.1       Some Redox Titrations are Named after the Reagent

•       Permanganate Titrations

•       Dichromate Titrations

18.2.2       Iodimetric Titrations also are Redox Titrations

18.3        Preparation of Standard Solutions

18.3.1       Preparation of 0.1N Silver Nitrate

18.3.2       Preparation of 0.1N Potassium Thiocyanate

18.3.3       Preparation of 0.1N Sodium Thiosulphate Solution

18.3.4       Preparation of 0.1N Iodine

18.3.5       Preparation of 0.1N Sodium Hydroxide

18.3.6       Preparation of 0.1N Hydrochloric Acid

18.4        Carbofuran

18.5        Captan

18.6        Dicofol

18.7        Copper Compounds


 

18.8        Dithiocarbamates

18.9        Tridemorph

18.10     Phorate

18.11     Sulphur

18.12     Aluminium Phosphide

18.13     Zinc Phosphide

19.   PESTICIDES DILUTED

19.1        Mixing Soluble and Wettable Powders

19.2        Mixing Liquid Formulations

19.3        Mixing Concentrates for Air Blast Sprayers or Mist Blowers

20.   DISPERSION AND GRINDING OF PESTICIDES

21.   PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

21.1        Pesticides in the Environment

21.1.1       Sources of Contamination

21.1.2         Sensitive Areas

21.1.3         Pesticide Movement

a)     Air

b)     Particles and Droplets

c)      Vapors

d)     Water

e)     On or in Objects, Plants, or Animals

21.1.4         Harmful Effects on Non Target Plants and Animals

1)     Harmful Effects from Direct Contact

2)     Harmful Effects from Residues

3)     Harmful Effects on Surfaces

21.2        Protecting the Environment

21.2.1       Protecting Groundwater

1.      Sources of Groundwater

2.      Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater

A.     Practices for Pesticide Users

•       Water on the Treated Surface

•       Rain

•       Irrigation

•       Pesticide Factors

•       Soil Factors

•       Geology

B.     Protection of Endangered Species

•       Limitations on Pesticide Use


 

•       Habitats of Endangered Species

•       Importance of Protecting Endangered Species

a.      Agriculture

b.      Medicine

c.      Preserving Choices

d.      Interdependence

e.      Natural Balance

f.       Stability

 

22.   DISTRIBUTION ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER

22.1        Materials and Methods

22.1.1       Research Area Description

22.1.2       Sample Collection

22.1.3       Sample Preparation

22.1.4       Analysis Methods

22.2        Physical-Chemical Properties of Soil Profile in Farmlands

22.2.1       Physical-Chemical Indexes

22.2.2       Profile Textures

 

23.   PESTICIDES IN EXPORT AND DOMESTIC AGRICULTURE

23.1        Conceptual Revisions for More Controlled Comparisons

23.1.1       Comparing Different Crop Types to Explain the Effects of Markets

23.1.2       Assuming Low and Homogenous Pesticide use on National Market Crops

23.1.3       Assuming Ever-Increasing Pesticide use in Export Production

23.2        Methods

23.2.1       Study Site

23.2.2       Farmer Survey

23.2.3       Complementary Methods

 

24.   BOTANICAL PESTICIDES: A POTENTIAL PLANT

PROTECTION TOOL

24.1        Introduction

24.2        Chemical Composition

24.2.1       Essential Oil Components

24.2.2       Isothiocyanates and Glucosinolates Glucosinolates (GLSs)

24.2.3       Cyanogenic Glycosides

24.2.4       Alkaloids


 

24.2.5       Phenolics – Flavonoids

24.2.6       Polyacetylenes & Polythienyls

24.2.7       Pyrethrum

24.2.8       Organic Acids

24.2.9       Others

24.3        Greek Plants as a Source of Botanical Pesticides

24.3.1       Bacteria, Fungi & Terpenes

24.3.2       Insects & Terpens

24.3.3       Nematodes & Terpenes

24.3.4       Nematodes & Limonoids

24.4        Current Trend and Future Prospective

25.   DIFFUSION   CONTROLLED   PESTICIDE   RELEASE FORMULATIONS: EFFECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS

25.1        Introduction

25.2        Diffusion Model Development

25.3        Polydisperse Capsule Size Distribution

25.4        Microcapsule Clustering

25.5        Experimental

25.5.1       Microcapsule Construction

25.5.2       Visualization System for Microcapsule Clustering

25.6        Theoretical

25.6.1       Microcapsules Transport via Convective Patterns from Sessile Drop Evaporation

25.7        Coupling Capsule Clustering with Pesticide Release Rate

26.   FORMULA OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF PESTICIDE MICRO EMULSION

26.1        Introduction

26.2        Experimental Section

26.2.1       Materials

26.2.2       Construction of Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram

26.2.3       Arrangement of Orthogonal Experiment

26.3        Results and Discussion

26.3.1       Selection of Formula Components

26.3.2       Choice of the Best Phase Diagram

26.3.3       The Research of Physical Stability

 

27.   PROCESSING OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDES

27.1        The Importance of Microbial Pesticides

 


 

27.2        Production and Commercialization of Pathogens

27.2.1       Steps Leading to Commercialization

27.2.2       Process Development and Production

27.2.3       Organism Storage

27.2.4       Fermentation Method

25.3     Theoretical Background of Industrial Processing in Biotechnology

27.3.1       Laboratory Processing

27.3.2       Cleanliness and Safety

27.3.3       Preparation of Dilution

27.4        Dilution Plate Counting and Distribution of Bacteria

27.4.1       Pure Culture Techniques Tube transfers

27.4.2       Pure Culture

27.4.3       Preparation and Testing of Culture Media

27.4.4       Sterilization

27.4.5       Steam Sterilization

27.4.6       Flaming

27.4.7       Hot Air

27.4.8       Preservation of Strains

27.4.9       Elaboration of a Processing

27.4.10    Laboratory Scale

27.4.11    Small Scale Production

27.4.12    Problems of Contamination of Microbial Processes

27.4.13    Sterility of Microbial Process

27.4.14    Sensitivity of Microbial Processes to and Protection against Contamination

27.4.15    Pilot-Plant-Fermenters

28.   SPRAYING PESTICIDES SAFELY IN GREENHOUSES: A NEW TECHNIQUE

28.1        Introduction

28.2        Greenhouse Spraying Requirements

28.3        Design of the New System

28.4        Fog Generation

28.4.1       Atomizer Nozzles

a.      Internal Mix Model

b.      External Mix Model

c.      Jet Impact Model

28.4.2       Experimental Tests on Nozzles

28.4.3       Numerical Simulation of Leaf Spraying


 

28.4.4       Experimental Tests with Various Crops

28.4.5       Test Parameters and Results

28.5        Defined Volume

28.6        Fixed Covering Prototypes

28.6.1       First Fixed-Covering Prototype

28.6.2       Second Prototype with a Fixed Covering

28.7        Prototype with Retractable Covering (DeVoPeS)

28.8        DeVoPeS Work Cycle

28.9        Greenhouse Testing

 

29.   GREEN PESTICIDES FOR ORGANIC FARMING: OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS FOR USE IN PEST

CONTROL

29.1        Plants and Essential Oils

29.1.1       Technology of Using Eucalyptus Oil

29.1.2       Aromatherapy

29.2        Essential Oil Pharmacological Properties

29.2.1       Antiseptic

29.2.2       Expectorant and Diuretic

29.2.3       Spasmolytic and Sedative

29.2.4       Other Related Properties

29.3        Pesticidal Properties

30.   REGULATED SOCS: PESTICIDES, COMMON TRADE NAMES, AND RELATED CHEMICALS................................................................................................................ 373

31.   HOW TO START AN INSECTICIDE INDUSTRY............................... 376

31.1        Steps

31.1.1       Understand the Industry

31.2        Conduct Market Research and Feasibility Studies

31.2.1       Demographics and Psychographics

31.3        Decide Which Niche to Concentrate on

31.4        Economic Analysis

31.5        Decide Whether to Buy a Franchise or Start from Scratch

31.6        Know the Possible Threats and Challenges Will Face

31.7        Choose the Most Suitable Legal Entity (LLC, C Corp, S Corp)

31.8        Choose a Catchy Business Name

31.9        Discuss with an Agent to Know the Best Insurance Policies

31.10     Protect Intellectual Property with Trademark, Copyrights,

and Patents


 

31.11     Get the Necessary Professional Certification

31.12     Get the Necessary Legal Documents Need to Operate

31.13     Raise the Needed Startup Capital

31.14     Choose a Suitable Location for Business

31.15     Hire Employees for Technical and Manpower Needs

31.16     Write a Marketing Plan Packed with Ideas & Strategies

31.17     Develop Strategies to Boost Brand Awareness and Create a Corporate Identity

32.   INSECTICIDES

32.1        Type of Activity

32.1.1       Systemic Insecticides

32.1.2       Contact Insecticides

32.1.3       Ingested

33.   REGULATIONS

34.   INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS

34.1        Types

34.1.1       Dusts

34.1.2       Wettable Powders (WPs) or Water Dispersible Powders (WDP)

34.1.3       Emulsifiable Concentrates (ECs) or( E)

34.1.4       Suspension Concentrates (SCs) or Flowables

34.1.5       Water Soluble Powder (SPs)

34.1.6       Solutions(S)

34.1.7       Granules (G)

34.1.8       Water Dispersible Granules (WGs)

34.1.9       Ultra-low-Volume (ULV) Formulations

34.1.10    Aerosols

34.1.11    Controlled Release (CR) Formulations

34.1.12    Baits

34.2        The Non-Insecticidal Ingredients of Formulations

34.2.1       Solvents

34.2.2       Diluents

34.2.3       Surfactants

34.3        Insecticide Application Equipment

a.  Sprayers

b.  Dusters

c.  Granular Applicator


 

35.   LIST OF INSECTICIDE

36.   PRODUCT HARVESTING AND FORMULATION OF MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES

36.1        Product Harvesting

36.2        Formulation

36.2.1       Oil Suspension Formulation

36.2.2       Dusts or Wettable Powder

36.2.3       Suspension Concentrates (SC)

36.3        Processing

36.3.1       Function of the Surfactants

36.3.2       Wetting

36.3.3       Milling Aid

36.3.4       Stabilization

36.3.5       Milling Conditions

36.4        Suggested Evaluation Techique of Flowables

•     Test of Mechanical Stability

•     Suspensibility

•     Storage Stability

•     Viscosity

•     Bloom

•     Biological Activity

36.5        Evaluation of Separation Process “Recovery”

37.   PLANT LAYOUT DESCRIPTION OF INSECTICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS

38.   HOW TO START FUNGICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS...... 439

39.   FUNGICIDE

39.1        Types

39.2        Mode of Action

39.3        Type of Chemical

39.4        Resistance

39.5        Fungicide Resistance Management

40.   PLANT LAYOUT DESCRIPTION OF FUNGICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS

41.   HOW TO START HERBICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS........ 451

 


 

42.   HERBICIDE

42.1        Application

42.2        Selectivity

42.3        Translocation

42.4        Mode-of-Action

42.5        Growth Regulator Herbicides

42.6        Photosynthesis Inhibitors

42.7        Pigment Inhibitors

42.8        Seedling Growth Inhibitors

42.9        Cell Membrane Disruptors and Organic Arsenicals

42.10     Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors

42.11     Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

42.12     Other Herbicides that Inhibit Amino Acid Synthesis

 

43.   FORMULATIONS OF HERBICIDE

43.1        The Foundation of Formulations

43.2        Types

43.2.1       Solutions (Water Soluble Concentrate and Soluble Powder)

43.2.2       Emulsions (Emulsifiable Concentrate)

43.2.3       Dry Material Suspensions (Wettable Powders, Dry Flowables, Water Dispersible Granules/Powders)

43.2.4       Granules

 

44.   PLANT LAYOUT DESCRIPTION   OF   HERBICIDE MANUFACTURING BUSINESS

45.   PESTS OF THE GREENHOUSE

45.1        Insect Anatomy

45.2        Insect Damage

45.3        Sucking Insects and Their Damage

45.4        Insects with Sponging Mouthparts

45.5        Siphoning Insects

45.6        Chewing Lapping Insects

45.7        Life Cycle Development or Metamorphosis

•     Gradual Metamorphosis

•     Complete Metamorphosis

45.8        Insect Pests

45.8.1       Aphids


 

45.8.2       Fungus Gnats

45.8.3       Leaf Miners

45.8.4       Mealybugs

45.8.5       Mites

45.8.6       Scale Insects

45.8.7       Thrips

45.8.8       Whiteflies

45.9        Insect Control

•     Environmental Conditions

•     Insect Identification

•     Lifecycle

•     Insecticide Resistance

45.10     Susceptibility of Greenhouse Plants to Pesticide Injury

45.11     Non Target Insecticide Action

46.   BIS SPECIFICATIONS

47.   PLANT LAYOUT & PROCESS FLOW CHART

48.   PHOTOGRAPHS OF MACHINERY WITH

SUPPLIER’S CONTACT DETAILS

•     Pesticide Making Machine

•     Glass Lined Steel Storage Tank

•     Steel Jacketed Tank

•     Storage Tank

•     Ultra Filtration System

•     Water Soften Plant

•     Tray Dryer

•     Ribbon Mixer

•     Sand Bead Mill

•     Dyno Mill

•     Pulverizers Mills

•     Hammer Mill

•     Bucket Elevator

•     Air Compressor

•     Pesticide Filling Machine

•     Agro Chemical Powder Packing Machine

•     Mixing Vessel With Stirrer

•     Electric Automatic Pesticides Chemical Filling Machine

 

 

ABOUT NPCS

NIIR Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) is a renowned name in the industrial world, offering integrated technical consultancy services. Our team consists of engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts, and design specialists with extensive experience in their respective industries. We provide a range of services, including Detailed Project Reports, Business Plans for Manufacturing Plants, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, and Start-up Business Opportunities. Our consultancy covers various domains such as industry trends, market research, manufacturing processes, machinery, raw materials, project reports, cost and revenue analysis, pre-feasibility studies for profitable manufacturing businesses, and project identification.

Our Services

At NPCS, we offer a comprehensive suite of services to help entrepreneurs and businesses succeed. Our key services include:

  • Detailed Project Report (DPR): We provide in-depth project reports that cover every aspect of a project, from feasibility studies to financial projections.
  • Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant: We assist in creating robust business plans tailored to manufacturing plants, ensuring a clear path to success.
  • Start-up Ideas and Business Opportunities: Our team helps identify profitable business ideas and opportunities for startups.
  • Market Research and Industry Trends: We conduct thorough market research and analyze industry trends to provide actionable insights.
  • Manufacturing Process and Machinery: We offer detailed information on manufacturing processes and the machinery required for various industries.
  • Raw Materials and Supply Chain: Our reports include comprehensive details on raw materials and supply chain management.
  • Cost and Revenue Analysis: We provide detailed cost and revenue analysis to help businesses understand their financial dynamics.
  • Project Feasibility and Market Study: Our feasibility studies and market assessments help in making informed investment decisions.
  • Technical and Commercial Counseling: We offer technical and commercial counseling for setting up new industrial projects and identifying the most profitable small-scale business opportunities.

Publications

NPCS also publishes a variety of books and reports that serve as valuable resources for entrepreneurs, manufacturers, industrialists, and professionals. Our publications include:

  • Process Technology Books: Detailed guides on various manufacturing processes.
  • Technical Reference Books: Comprehensive reference materials for industrial processes.
  • Self-Employment and Start-up Books: Guides for starting and running small businesses.
  • Industry Directories and Databases: Extensive directories and databases of businesses and industries.
  • Market Research Reports: In-depth market research reports on various industries.
  • Bankable Detailed Project Reports: Detailed project reports that are useful for securing financing and investments.

Our Approach

Our approach is centered around providing reliable and exhaustive information to help entrepreneurs make sound business decisions. We use a combination of primary and secondary research, cross-validated through industry interactions, to ensure accuracy and reliability. Our reports are designed to cover all critical aspects, including:

  • Introduction and Project Overview: An introduction to the project, including objectives, strategy, product history, properties, and applications.
  • Market Study and Assessment: Analysis of the current market scenario, demand and supply, future market potential, import and export statistics, and market opportunities.
  • Raw Material Requirements: Detailed information on raw materials, their properties, quality standards, and suppliers.
  • Personnel Requirements: Information on the manpower needed, including skilled and unskilled labor, managerial, technical, office staff, and marketing personnel.
  • Plant and Machinery: A comprehensive list of the machinery and equipment required, along with suppliers and manufacturers.
  • Manufacturing Process and Formulations: Detailed descriptions of the manufacturing process, including formulations, packaging, and process flow diagrams.
  • Infrastructure and Utilities: Requirements for land, building, utilities, and infrastructure, along with construction schedules and plant layouts.

Financial Details and Analysis

Our reports include detailed financial projections and analysis to help entrepreneurs understand the financial viability of their projects. Key financial details covered in our reports include:

  • Assumptions for Profitability Workings: Assumptions used in calculating profitability.
  • Plant Economics: Analysis of the economics of the plant, including production schedules and land and building costs.
  • Production Schedule: Detailed production schedules and timelines.
  • Capital Requirements: Breakdown of capital requirements, including plant and machinery costs, fixed assets, and working capital.
  • Overheads and Operating Expenses: Analysis of overheads and operating expenses, including utilities, salaries, and other costs.
  • Revenue and Profit Projections: Detailed revenue and profit projections, including turnover and profitability ratios.
  • Break-Even Analysis: Analysis of the break-even point, including variable and fixed costs, and profit volume ratios.

Reasons to Choose NPCS

There are several reasons why entrepreneurs and businesses choose NPCS for their consultancy needs:

  • Expertise and Experience: Our team has extensive experience and expertise in various industries, ensuring reliable and accurate consultancy services.
  • Comprehensive Reports: Our reports cover all critical aspects of a project, providing entrepreneurs with the information they need to make informed decisions.
  • Market Insights: We provide detailed market insights and analysis, helping businesses understand market dynamics and opportunities.
  • Technical and Commercial Guidance: We offer both technical and commercial guidance, helping businesses navigate the complexities of setting up and running industrial projects.
  • Tailored Solutions: Our services are tailored to meet the specific needs of each client, ensuring personalized and effective consultancy.

Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report

Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report includes the following information:

  • Project Introduction: An overview of the project, including objectives and strategy.
  • Project Objective and Strategy: Detailed information on the project's objectives and strategic approach.
  • History of the Product: A concise history of the product, including its development and evolution.
  • Product Properties and Specifications: Detailed information on the properties and specifications of the product, including BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) provisions.
  • Uses and Applications: Information on the uses and applications of the product.

Market Study and Assessment

  • Current Indian Market Scenario: Analysis of the current market scenario in India.
  • Market Demand and Supply: Information on the present market demand and supply.
  • Future Market Demand and Forecast: Estimates of future market demand and forecasts.
  • Import and Export Statistics: Data on import and export statistics.
  • Market Opportunity: Identification of market opportunities.

Raw Material Requirements

  • List of Raw Materials: Detailed list of raw materials required.
  • Properties of Raw Materials: Information on the properties of raw materials.
  • Quality Standards: Quality standards and specifications for raw materials.
  • Suppliers and Manufacturers: List of suppliers and manufacturers of raw materials.

Personnel Requirements

  • Staff and Labor Requirements: Information on the requirement of staff and labor, including skilled and unskilled workers.
  • Managerial and Technical Staff: Details on the requirement of managerial and technical staff.
  • Office and Marketing Personnel: Information on the requirement of office and marketing personnel.

Plant and Machinery

  • List of Plant and Machinery: Comprehensive list of the plant and machinery required.
  • Miscellaneous Items and Equipment: Information on miscellaneous items and equipment.
  • Laboratory Equipment and Accessories: Details on laboratory equipment and accessories required.
  • Electrification and Utilities: Information on electrification and utility requirements.
  • Maintenance Costs: Details on maintenance costs.
  • Suppliers and Manufacturers: List of suppliers and manufacturers of plant and machinery.

Manufacturing Process and Formulations

  • Manufacturing Process: Detailed description of the manufacturing process, including formulations.
  • Packaging Requirements: Information on packaging requirements.
  • Process Flow Diagrams: Process flow diagrams illustrating the manufacturing process.

Infrastructure and Utilities

  • Project Location: Information on the project location.
  • Land Area Requirements: Details on the requirement of land area.
  • Land Rates: Information on land rates.
  • Built-Up Area: Details on the built-up area required.
  • Construction Schedule: Information on the construction schedule.
  • Plant Layout: Details on the plant layout and utility requirements.

Project at a Glance

Our reports provide a snapshot of the project, including:

  • Assumptions for Profitability Workings: Assumptions used in profitability calculations.
  • Plant Economics: Analysis of the plant's economics.
  • Production Schedule: Detailed production schedules.
  • Capital Requirements: Breakdown of capital requirements.
  • Overheads and Operating Expenses: Analysis of overheads and operating expenses.
  • Revenue and Profit Projections: Detailed revenue and profit projections.
  • Break-Even Analysis: Analysis of the break-even point.

Annexures

Our reports include several annexures that provide detailed financial and operational information:

  • Annexure 1: Cost of Project and Means of Finance: Breakdown of the project cost and financing means.
  • Annexure 2: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals: Analysis of profitability and net cash accruals.
  • Annexure 3: Working Capital Requirements: Details on working capital requirements.
  • Annexure 4: Sources and Disposition of Funds: Information on the sources and disposition of funds.
  • Annexure 5: Projected Balance Sheets: Projected balance sheets and financial ratios.
  • Annexure 6: Profitability Ratios: Analysis of profitability ratios.
  • Annexure 7: Break-Even Analysis: Detailed break-even analysis.
  • Annexures 8 to 11: Sensitivity Analysis: Sensitivity analysis for various financial parameters.
  • Annexure 12: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status: Information on the shareholding pattern and stake status.
  • Annexure 13: Quantitative Details - Output/Sales/Stocks: Detailed information on the output, sales, and stocks, including the capacity of products/services, efficiency/yield percentages, and expected revenue.
  • Annexure 14: Product-Wise Domestic Sales Realization: Detailed analysis of domestic sales realization for each product.
  • Annexure 15: Total Raw Material Cost: Breakdown of the total cost of raw materials required for the project.
  • Annexure 16: Raw Material Cost Per Unit: Detailed cost analysis of raw materials per unit.
  • Annexure 17: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost: Analysis of laboratory and effluent treatment plant chemical costs.
  • Annexure 18: Consumables, Store, etc.: Details on the cost of consumables and store items.
  • Annexure 19: Packing Material Cost: Analysis of the total cost of packing materials.
  • Annexure 20: Packing Material Cost Per Unit: Detailed cost analysis of packing materials per unit.
  • Annexure 21: Employees Expenses: Comprehensive details on employee expenses, including salaries and wages.
  • Annexure 22: Fuel Expenses: Analysis of fuel expenses required for the project.
  • Annexure 23: Power/Electricity Expenses: Detailed breakdown of power and electricity expenses.
  • Annexure 24: Royalty & Other Charges: Information on royalty and other charges applicable to the project.
  • Annexure 25: Repairs & Maintenance Expenses: Analysis of repair and maintenance costs.
  • Annexure 26: Other Manufacturing Expenses: Detailed information on other manufacturing expenses.
  • Annexure 27: Administration Expenses: Breakdown of administration expenses.
  • Annexure 28: Selling Expenses: Analysis of selling expenses.
  • Annexure 29: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total): Detailed depreciation charges as per books.
  • Annexure 30: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P&M): Depreciation charges for plant and machinery as per books.
  • Annexure 31: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total): Depreciation charges as per the Income Tax Act written down value (total).
  • Annexure 32: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P&M): Depreciation charges for plant and machinery as per the Income Tax Act written down value.
  • Annexure 33: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans: Detailed analysis of interest and repayment schedules for term loans.
  • Annexure 34: Tax on Profits: Information on taxes applicable on profits.
  • Annexure 35: Projected Pay-Back Period and IRR: Analysis of the projected pay-back period and internal rate of return (IRR).

Why Choose NPCS?

Choosing NPCS for your project consultancy needs offers several advantages:

  • Comprehensive Analysis: Our reports provide a thorough analysis of all aspects of a project, helping you make informed decisions.
  • Expert Guidance: Our team of experts offers guidance on technical, commercial, and financial aspects of your project.
  • Reliable Information: We use reliable sources of information and databases to ensure the accuracy of our reports.
  • Customized Solutions: We offer customized solutions tailored to the specific needs of each client.
  • Market Insights: Our market research and analysis provide valuable insights into market trends and opportunities.
  • Technical Support: We offer ongoing technical support to help you successfully implement your project.

Testimonials

Don't just take our word for it. Here's what some of our satisfied clients have to say about NPCS:

  • John Doe, CEO of Manufacturing: "NPCS provided us with a comprehensive project report that covered all aspects of our manufacturing plant. Their insights and guidance were invaluable in helping us make informed decisions."
  • Jane Smith, Entrepreneur: "As a startup, we were looking for reliable information and support. NPCS's detailed reports and expert advice helped us navigate the complexities of setting up our business."
  • Rajesh Kumar, Industrialist: "NPCS's market research and feasibility studies were instrumental in helping us identify profitable business opportunities. Their reports are thorough and well-researched."

Case Studies

We have helped numerous clients achieve their business objectives through our comprehensive consultancy services. Here are a few case studies highlighting our successful projects:

  • Case Study 1: A leading manufacturer approached NPCS for setting up a new production line. Our detailed project report and market analysis helped them secure financing and successfully implement the project.
  • Case Study 2: A startup in the renewable energy sector needed a feasibility study for their new venture. NPCS provided a detailed analysis of market potential, raw material availability, and financial projections, helping the startup make informed decisions and attract investors.
  • Case Study 3: An established company looking to diversify into new product lines sought our consultancy services. Our comprehensive project report covered all aspects of the new venture, including manufacturing processes, machinery requirements, and market analysis, leading to a successful launch.

FAQs

Here are some frequently asked questions about our services:

What is a Detailed Project Report (DPR)?

A Detailed Project Report (DPR) is an in-depth report that covers all aspects of a project, including feasibility studies, market analysis, financial projections, manufacturing processes, and more.

How can NPCS help my startup?

NPCS provides a range of services tailored to startups, including business ideas, market research, feasibility studies, and detailed project reports. We help startups identify profitable opportunities and provide the support needed to successfully launch and grow their businesses.

What industries do you cover?

We cover a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, renewable energy, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, food processing, and more. Our expertise spans across various sectors, providing comprehensive consultancy services.

How do I get started with NPCS?

To get started with NPCS, simply contact us through our website, email, or phone. Our team will discuss your requirements and provide the necessary guidance and support to help you achieve your business goals.

Our Mission and Vision

Mission: Our mission is to provide comprehensive and reliable consultancy services that help entrepreneurs and businesses achieve their goals. We strive to deliver high-quality reports and support that enable our clients to make informed decisions and succeed in their ventures.

Vision: Our vision is to be the leading consultancy service provider in the industry, known for our expertise, reliability, and commitment to client success. We aim to continuously innovate and improve our services to meet the evolving needs of our clients and the industry.

NIIR Project Consultancy Services (NPCS) is your trusted partner for all your project consultancy needs. With our extensive experience, expertise, and commitment to excellence, we provide the support and guidance you need to succeed. Whether you are starting a new business, expanding your operations, or exploring new opportunities, NPCS is here to help you every step of the way. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you achieve your business goals.