Table of Contents:
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Types of Waste
1.2 Advantages of Waste Management
1.3 The Waste Management Hierarchy and the 3r Concept
1.4 Strategies for Managing Waste
1.4.1 Waste Prevention
1.4.2 Waste Minimization
1.4.3 Recycling and Reuse
1.4.4 Biological Treatment
1.4.5 Incineration
1.4.6 Landfill Disposal
1.5 What Makes Waste Management such a Crucial Issue?
1.6 Indian Waste Management Scenario
1.7 Challenges in Waste Management
1.8 Solutions for Waste Management
1.9 Governmental Measures for Waste Management
1.9.1 Legislative Response
1.9.2 Role of Centre and State in Waste Management
1.9.3 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000
1.10 Why Waste Management is Important Nowadays?
2. 10 STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING
2.1 Identify the Waste Facility Creates
2.2 Identify Waste Streams
2.3 Establish a Waste Management Team
2.4 Assess Current Waste Disposal Methods
2.5 Consider Waste Hierarchy
2.6 Select Waste Management Partners
2.7 Set Targets for Waste Reduction
2.8 Create a Waste Management Action Plan
2.9 Train Employees on New Procedures
2.10 Track Progress and Monitor for Adjustments
3. AUTOMATED VEHICLE SCRAPPING UNIT
3.1 Benefits of Recycling
3.2 Reducing Waste: The Problem of Junk Cars
3.2.1 The Solution: Automotive Recycling
3.2.2 Conservation of Resources
3.2.3 Environmental Footprint
3.3 Benefits of the Vehicle Scrapping
3.4 Automobile Recycling Process
3.4.1 Remove Engine Fluids
3.4.2 Remove Useable Parts
3.4.3 Shred the Vehicle Frame
3.4.4 Combine Metals
3.4.5 Deliver to Manufacturers
3.5 Future Challenges to the Auto Recycling Industry
3.6 Equipment and Machinery Required
3.6.1 Vehicle Depollution Equipment
3.6.2 Dismantling Equipment
3.6.3 Shearing and Cutting Machinery
3.6.4 Shredding Equipment
3.6.5 Separation Systems
3.6.6 Crushing and Baling Machines
3.6.7 Sorting and Grading Equipment
3.6.8 Waste Treatment and Recycling Systems
3.6.9 Material Handling Equipment
3.6.10 Safety and Environmental Control Systems
3.6.11 Data Management Systems
4. BIO COAL BRIQUETTES FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE
4.1 What is Bio Coal?
4.2 Briquette-Making Raw Material used in Bio-Coal Plants
4.3 Advantages of Briquettes
4.4 Types of Briquettes
4.5 Importance of Bio Coal Briquettes
4.6 Bio-Briquetting Process
4.6.1 Preparation
4.6.2 Size Reduction
4.6.3 Pyrolysis
4.6.4 Binder Addition
4.6.5 Densification
4.6.6 Shaping and Sizing
4.7 Methods of Bio-Briquetting
4.7.1 Pyrolyzed Densification using Binder
4.7.2 Direct Densification with Binders
4.7.3 Binderless Briquetting
4.8 Bio-Briquette Quality Testing
5. CAFFEINE EXTRACTION FROM TEA WASTE
5.1 What is Caffeine?
5.2 Benefits of Caffeine for Health
5.3 Adverse Effects of Caffeine
5.4 Process of Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Waste
5.4.1 Pre Treatment Section
5.4.2 Extraction Section
5.4.3 Post Treatment
5.5 Plant and Machinery used in Extracting Caffeine from Tea Waste
5.5.1 Tea Waste Preparation
5.5.2 Extraction Process
5.5.3 Separation
5.5.4 Purification
5.5.5 Supporting Equipment
5.5.6 Quality Control and Packaging
6. DISPOSABLE TABLEWARE FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE
6.1 What is Bagasse?
6.2 Benefits of Sugarcane Bagasse Biodegradable Tableware
6.3 Utilizing Sugarcane Bagasse for Biodegradable Tableware
6.4 Steps of Manufacturing Sugarcane Bagasse Plates
6.4.1 Bagasse as a Raw Material
6.4.2 Bagasse Processing
6.4.3 Pulp Formation
6.4.4 Plate Molding
6.4.5 Drying and Pressing
6.4.6 Trimming and Finishing
6.4.7 Packaging Bagasse Plates
6.5 Machinery and Systems Required for Disposable Tableware Manufacturing
6.5.1 Pulping System
6.5.2 Tableware Forming Machines
6.5.3 Machine for Trimming Tableware
6.5.4 Tableware Molds
7. E-WASTE RECYCLING
7.1 What is an E-Waste?
7.2 Classification of E-Waste
7.3 Components of E-Waste that can be Recycled
7.4 An E-Waste Recycling Plant: What is it?
7.5 Scenario of E-Waste Production in India
7.6 The Procedure for Recycling E-Waste
7.7 The Recycling Procedure for Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTS)
7.8 Battery Recycling Process
7.9 Why is E-Waste Control Necessary?
7.10 Plant and Machinery Required in E-Waste Recycling Plant
7.10.1 Shredders and Granulators
7.10.2 Overband Magnets
7.10.3 Eddy Current Separators
7.10.4 Optical Sorters
7.10.5 Trommel Screens or Rotary Screens
7.10.6 Electrostatic Separators
7.10.7 Ball Mill
7.10.8 Air Density Separators
7.10.9 PCB (Printed Circuit Board) Recycling Line
7.10.10 Dust Collection System
7.10.11 Water Treatment System
7.10.12 Conveyor Systems
8. LEAD ACID BATTERY RECYCLING
8.1 Aspects Technical
8.2 How Lead Acid Batteries differ from Lithium-Ion Batteries
8.3 Requirements for Lead Acid Battery Recycling Plant
8.4 The Recycling Technology
8.4.1 Battery Breaking
8.4.2 Lead Reduction
8.4.3 Lead Refining
8.5 Pollution Control Measures
8.6 Recycling
8.7 Recycling Process of Lead-Acid Batteries
8.7.1 Collection
8.7.2 Crushing
8.7.3 Sorting
8.7.4 Sieving
8.7.5 Extraction
8.8 Machinery used in Lead Acid Battery Recycling Plant
8.8.1 Battery Cutting Machine
8.8.2 Battery Breaking and Separation System
8.8.3 Acid Neutralization System
8.8.4 Lead Smelting Furnace
8.8.5 Refining Kettle
8.8.6 Lead Ingot Casting Machine
8.8.7 Plastic Washing and Granulating Machine
8.8.8 Dust Collection System
8.8.9 Wastewater Treatment Plant
8.8.10 Safety Equipment
8.8.11 Control and Monitoring Systems
8.9 Plant Layout Description
9. LITHIUM-ION BATTERY RECYCLING
9.1 What is Lithium Ion Battery Recycling Plant?
9.2 Different Types of Batteries
9.3 Methods of Recycling
9.4 Benefits of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Plant
9.5 Equipment for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Facility
9.6 General Recycling Procedures and Pre-Processing
9.6.1 Cell Disruption
9.6.2 Physical Separation
9.6.3 Dissolution
9.6.4 Thermal Treatment
9.7 Recycling Processes
9.8 Li-Ion Batteries Recycling
9.8.1 Electrolyte Recovery
9.8.2 Dry Sorting Methods
9.8.3 Hydrometallurgical Treatment
9.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Future Prospects
10. LUBRICATING OILS RECYCLING
10.1 Methods of Recycling
10.2 Types of Lubricant Additives
10.3 Physical and Chemical Tests of used Lubricating Oil
10.4 Comparison of Fresh Base Engine Oil and Used Oil
10.5 Recycling Process
10.5.1 Used Oil Pick-Up
10.5.2 Analytic Testing to Ensure Quality
10.5.3 Dehydration Removes Unwelcome Water
10.5.4 Light End Recovery
10.5.5 Fuel Stripping
10.5.6 Vacuum Distillation
10.5.7 Hydro Treating Removes Final Impurities
10.6 Process Details
10.6.1 Precipitation and Separation
10.6.2 Distillation
10.6.3 Acid Treatment
10.6.4 Alkali Settling
10.6.5 Alkali Wash
10.6.6 Neutralization Test
10.6.7 Filtration
10.7 Plant and Machinery Required in Lubricating Oils Recycling Plant
10.8 Plant Layout Description
11. ORGANIC FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING FROM COW DUNG
11.1 Benefits
11.2 Cow Dung Composition
11.3 Composting Cow Manure
11.4 Method of Manufacturing Organic Fertilizer using Cow Dung
11.5 Machinery and Equipments Required
11.6 Plant Layout Description
12. PARTICLE BOARD FROM RICE HUSK
12.1 Benefits
12.2 Utilizations
12.3 Production Process
12.3.1 Gathering and Getting Ready for Rice Husk
12.3.2 Pulverizing
12.3.3 Desiccating
12.3.4 Blending with Resin
12.3.5 Mat Forming
12.3.6 Pre-Pressing
12.3.7 Hot Pressing
12.3.8 Chilling and Trimming
12.3.9 Finalizing
12.3.10 Quality Control
12.4 Plant and Machinery used in Particle Board Manufacturing
12.4.1 Rice Husk Preparation Equipment
12.4.2 Particle Formation and Sizing Equipment
12.4.3 Resin Application Equipment
12.4.4 Pressing Equipment
12.4.5 Finishing Equipment
12.4.6 Quality Control Equipment
12.4.7 Handling and Packaging Equipment
12.5 Plant Layout Description
13. RECYCLING OF PET BOTTLES
13.1 What is PET Plastic?
13.2 What is PET Bottle Recycling?
13.3 Why is PET Recycling Important?
13.4 Physical Properties
13.5 Uses and Applications of PET Plastic
13.5.1 Packaging
13.5.2 Textiles
13.5.3 Electronics
13.5.4 Industrial Applications
13.5.5 Construction
13.5.6 3D Printing
13.5.7 Medical
13.5.8 Recycling
13.6 Chemical Recycling
13.6.1 Partial Glycolysis
13.6.2 Total Glycolysis
13.6.3 Methanolysis
13.6.4 Hydrolysis
13.7 PET Bottle Recycling Process
13.7.1 Collecting
13.7.2 Sorting
13.7.3 Decontamination
13.7.4 Shredding, Resizing, and Identifying
13.7.5 Wet Separation
13.7.6 Dry Separation
13.7.7 Compounding
13.7.8 A New Beginning
13.8 What Happens to Bottles we cannot Recycle?
13.9 List of Plant Machinery Required for PET Bottles Recycling Plant with Specifications and Details
13.9.1 Bottle Bale Breaker
13.9.2 Conveyor Belt System
13.9.3 Label Remover Machine
13.9.4 Plastic Crusher / Shredder Machine
13.9.5 Sink-Float Separator Tank
13.9.6 Hot Washing System
13.9.7 Friction Washer
13.9.8 Centrifugal Dryer / Dewatering Machine
13.9.9 Air Classifier / Zigzag Separator
13.9.10 Pelletizing Machine / Extruder
13.9.11 Cooling System (Water Tank and Air Dryer)
13.9.12 Silo Storage System
13.9.13 Packaging Machine
13.9.14 Dust Collection and Filtration System
13.9.15 Control Panel and Automation System
14. WASTE TYRE PYROLYSIS
14.1 The Pyrolysis Process’s Influencing Factors
14.2 Benefits
14.3 Types of Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
14.3.1 Continuous Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
14.3.2 Batch Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
14.4 Main Products Obtained
14.5 Advantages and Disadvantages
14.6 Products of Pyrolysis
14.7 Tyre Pyrolysis Process of Waste Tyres
14.8 How does Pyrolysis Work?
14.9 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil
14.10 Properties of Pyrolysis Oil
14.11 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Purification
14.12 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Uses
14.13 Tyre Pyrolysis Carbon Black
14.14 Tyre Pyrolysis Carbon Black Properties
14.15 Carbon Powder from Tyre Pyrolysis Uses
14.16 Tyre Pyrolysis Gas
14.17 Tyre Pyrolysis Waste
14.18 What is the Environmental Impact of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plants?
14.18.1 Incomplete Pyrolysis
14.18.2 No Gas Recycling
14.18.3 High Oxygen Entrance
14.18.4 Tyre Pyrolysis Explosion
14.18.5 Inappropriate Storage and Transport
14.19 Key Components of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
15. ALUMINIUM RECYCLING
15.1 History
15.2 Properties of Aluminium
15.3 Procedure for Recycling Aluminum
15.4 Plant Machinery: Specifications and Details
15.4.1 Shredder Machine
15.4.2 Magnetic Separator
15.4.3 Eddy Current Separator
15.4.4 Rotary Furnace
15.4.5 Melting and Holding Furnace
15.4.6 Ingot Casting Machine
15.4.7 Scrap Baler/Compactor
15.4.8 Air Pollution Control System
15.4.9 Reverberatory Furnace
15.4.10 Dross Processing System
15.5 Advantages of Recycling Aluminum
15.6 Drawbacks of Recycling Aluminum
16. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
16.1 Principles of Biomedical Waste Management
16.2 Treatment of Biomedical Waste Management
16.3 What are the Types of Medical Waste?
16.4 Management of Biomedical Waste
16.5 The Best Methods for Managing Medical Waste
16.6 Medical Waste Treatment Methods
16.7 List of Plant Machinery Required
16.7.1 Incinerator
16.7.2 Autoclave
16.7.3 Shredder
16.7.4 Microwave Disinfection System
16.7.5 Chemical Disinfection Unit
16.7.6 Waste Segregation System
16.7.7 Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
16.7.8 Air Pollution Control Device (APCD)
16.7.9 Boiler
16.7.10 Compactor
16.7.11 Waste Collection Vehicles
16.7.12 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
17. BIOMASS CHARCOAL
17.1 What is Biomass Charcoal?
17.2 Benefits of Briquettes made of Biomass Charcoal
17.3 How is Charcoal made from Biomass?
17.4 Production Principle of Charcoal Making Machine
17.5 Characteristics of an Entire Plant for Processing Charcoal
17.6 Equipment used in Biomass Charcoal Making
17.7 How are Charcoal Briquettes made with Sawdust?
17.7.1 Collect Sawdust
17.7.2 Drying
17.7.3 Carbonization
17.7.4 Crush and Sieve the Charcoal
17.7.5 Prepare the Binder
17.7.6 Mix the Charcoal with the Binder
17.7.7 Briquetting
17.7.8 Drying
17.7.9 Storage and Packaging
18. ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL
18.1 Process of Activation
18.2 Benefits of Activation
18.3 Utilization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells
18.4 Manufacturing Process
18.5 Tips for Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Manufacturer
18.6 Why do Start Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Plant?
18.7 Machinery used in Coconut Shell Activated Carbon
18.7.1 Coconut Shell Crushing Machine
18.7.2 Carbonization Furnace (Kiln)
18.7.3 Activation Furnace (Rotary Kiln or Fluidized Bed)
18.7.4 Screening Machine (Vibrating Screen)
18.7.5 Cooling System
18.7.6 Grinding Machine
18.7.7 Conveyor System
18.7.8 Chemical Activation Equipment (Optional)
18.7.9 Bagging and Packaging Machine
19. PET FLAKES FROM PET BOTTLES
19.1 What are PET Flakes?
19.2 Uses of PET Flakes
19.3 PET Flakes Grades
19.4 Types of PET Flakes
19.5 Recycling Process of PET Flakes
19.5.1 Manual Sorting
19.5.2 Shredding
19.5.3 Belt Conveyor
19.5.4 Washing Tank
19.6 Difference between PET Flakes and PET Chips
19.7 Advantages
19.8 Disadvantages
19.9 List of Machinery Required
19.9.1 Bale Breaker Machine
19.9.2 Belt Conveyor System
19.9.3 Label Removing Machine (Delabeler)
19.9.4 Trommel Separator / Dust Remover
19.9.5 PET Bottle Crusher / Shredder
19.9.6 Floating Tank (Sink-Float Separator)
19.9.7 Hot Washer System
19.9.8 Friction Washer
19.9.9 Centrifugal Dryer
19.9.10 Air Separator
19.9.11 Zig-Zag Separator
19.9.12 Pelletizing Machine (Optional)
19.9.13 Water Treatment Plant (WTP)
19.9.14 Automatic Bagging Machine
19.9.15 Control Panel and Automation System
20. RICE BRAN OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS
20.1 Manufacturing Process of Rice Bran Oil
20.1.1 Rice Bran Raw Material Preparation
20.1.2 Extraction
20.1.3 Rice Bran Oil Refining
20.1.4 Oil Extraction Process
20.1.5 Mechanical Pressing (Cold Pressing)
20.1.6 Solvent Extraction Process
20.1.7 Storage Rice Bran Oil
20.2 Advantage of Rice Bran Oil Plant
20.3 What are the By-Products of Rice Bran Oil and Its Uses?
20.4 What are the Production Challenges in Rice Bran Oil Production?
20.4.1 Quality of Rice Bran
20.4.2 Extraction Process
20.4.3 Dealing with By-Products
20.4.4 Refining the Oil
20.4.5 Stabilizing the Oil
20.5 List of Plant Machinery Required
20.5.1 Pre-Treatment and Preparation Equipment
20.5.2 Oil Extraction Machinery
20.5.3 Oil Refining Machinery
20.5.4 Other Essential Machinery
20.5.5 Storage and Handling Equipment
20.5.6 Quality Control and Monitoring Equipment
20.5.7 Packaging Equipment
21. PATHOGEN REDUCTIONS DURING WASTE TREATMENT
21.1 Manure Solids Waste
21.2 Dry Techniques: Composting
21.3 Manure Slurry Treatment Techniques
21.4 Physical Treatment Techniques
21.5 Biological Treatment Techniques
21.6 Anaerobic Lagoon Treatment
21.7 Multiple Lagoon Systems
21.8 Aerated Lagoons and Oxidation Ponds
21.9 Anaerobic Digestion
21.10 Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion
21.11 Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion
21.12 Aerobic Digestion
21.13 Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion
21.14 Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
21.15 Activated Sludge
21.16 Biofiltration
21.17 Constructed Wetlands
21.18 Overland Flow
21.19 Disinfection and Chemical Treatments
21.20 Chlorine
21.21 Ozone
21.22 Chlorine Dioxide
21.23 Ultraviolet Light (UV) Irradiation
21.24 Lime Stabilization
21.25 Pasteurization
21.26 Animal Waste Disposal or Recycling Options
21.26.1 Land Application
21.26.2 Spray Fields
22. GLOSSARY
23. BIS STANDARDS
24. PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW CHART & DIAGRAM
25. PHOTOGRAPHS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY WITH SUPPLIERS CONTACT DETAILS
• Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Plant
• Used Oil Recycling Plant
• Lead Battery Breaking and Separation Machine
• Rotary Drum Dryer
• Organic Waste Composting Machine (Bioreactor)
• Waste Tyre Recycling Machine
• Rubber Tire Crusher Machine
• Tyre Cutter
• Tyre Shredder Machine
• Hydraulic Briquette Press Machine
• Lithium Battery Recycling Plant
• Anode Sheet Recycling Machine
• Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
• PET Bottle Washing Recycling Machine
• Plastic Bottle Granulation Line
• Extraction Machine
• Fermenter
• Compost Turner for Bio Organic Fertilizer Composting
• Biodegradable Sugarcane Bagasse Tableware making Machine
• Screw Extrusion Briquette Machine
• Waste Car Shell Crushing Line
• Lead Battery Recycling Machine
• Biomedical Waste Shredder
• Activated Carbon Rotary Kiln
• PET Bottle Crusher / Granulator
