Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes. Fine Chemicals are produced in limited volumes (< 1000 tons/year) and at relatively high prices (> $10/kg) according to exacting specifications, mainly by traditional organic synthesis in multipurpose chemical plants. Biotechnical processes are gaining ground. A vitamin is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities, and must be obtained through the diet; thus, the term "vitamin" is conditional upon the circumstances and the particular organism. Vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multi cellular organism. Using the genetic blueprint inherited from its parents, a fetus begins to develop, at the moment of conception, from the nutrients it absorbs. It requires certain vitamins and minerals to be present at certain times. These nutrients facilitate the chemical reactions that produce among other things, skin, bone, and muscle. Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds composed of amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. Proteins are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins are assembled from amino acids using information encoded in genes. Each protein has its own unique amino acid sequence that is specified by the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein. The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codonsand each three-nucleotide combination designates an amino acid, for example AUG (adenine-uracil-guanine) is the code for methionine. Short proteins can also be synthesized chemically by a family of methods known as peptide synthesis, which rely on organic synthesis techniques such as chemical ligation to produce peptides in high yield. Chemical synthesis allows for the introduction of non-natural amino acids into polypeptide chains, such as attachment of fluorescent probes to amino acid side chains.
India’s natural vitamin E market - currently estimated to be 24.5 metric tonne and valued at $1.9 million is poised to double to 55.1 metric tonne, worth $5.4 million, by 2020. This is attributable to the growing demand for it in various parts of the world. Asia-Pacific is the largest consumer of these acids in the world, accounting for more than 34% of the consumption. North America is estimated to be growing rapidly in terms of market value. Growth is particularly high in markets such as China, India, and Brazil as they are developing countries and with the increasing disposable income of people, the demand for protein-rich food such as dairy and meat products is rapidly increasing in these countries.
FURTHER INFORMATION:
Handbook on Fine Chemicals, Vitamins, Amino Acids and Proteins describes the detailed information on the subject. The major contents of this book are- the constitution and synthesis of the amino acids, the isolation of the amino acids from proteins, the group of vitamins a, vitamin p, vitamin h –biotin, vitamin b2 riboflavin etc.
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