A textile is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fires often referred to as thread or yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fiber’s together (felt). Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. The primary source of dye, historically, has generally been nature, with the dyes being extracted from animals or plants Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile production process, from loose fibers through yarn and cloth to completed garments. Textile dyes and pigments can bring life to any product, giving them a visual appeal that allows them to stand out. Dyeing is the process of imparting colors to a textile material. Dyes and Pigments cover the scientific and technical aspects of the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments and their intermediates.
Types of textile dyes are:- acid dyes, azoic dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, sulphur dyes, vat dyes, disperse dyes, oxidation dyes, mordant dyes, solvent dyes etc.
For convenience all the above dyes can be clubbed together into three categories namely: - dyes of cellulose fibers , dyes of protein fibers, dyes of syenthetic fibers dyes and pigments have a vast area of applications and have a huge demand in industry.
Dyes that are used by the textile industry are now mostly synthetic. They are mostly derived from two sources namely, coal tar and petroleum-based intermediates. Pigment dyeing is a comparatively recent addition. In the process of pigment dyeing no actual chemical reaction takes place between the dye and the fabric. Pigments are not soluble in water and show no affinity for fiber. Some of the popular pigments used in fabrics are -Yellow colour: Acetoacetic acid anilide pigments, Red: Azoic pigments, Blue or green: Pythalocyanine pigments. Some features of pigments are :- excellent light and weather fastness, a good banking stability that makes them suitable for automotive and other industrial paints, high tinting strength, easily dispersible, consistency and uniqueness of shades, good over spray fastness when applied in paints, gives heat stability around 300° C
The Textile Industry occupies a vital place in the Indian economy and contributes substantially to its exports earnings. Textiles exports represent nearly 30 per cent of the country's total exports. The Textile industry occupies an important place in the Economy of the country because of its contribution to the industrial output, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. The textile industry can be broadly classified into two categories, the organized mill sector and the unorganized mill sector. The total volume of global market for inorganic, organic and special pigments was approximately 7.4 million tons in 2006.the volume will rise by 9.8 million tones in 2016. The major driving factors of colorants market are growth in end user industries, rising demand for high performance pigments (HPP), and rising preference towards environment-friendly products. The demand for printing ink is driven by various factors such as technological developments and increasing demand for digital inks. The global demand for paints & coating is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% during the next five years. . Market demand for dye and dye intermediates is expected to grow at a Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.7%, from 652,000 tones. At present, India contributes about 6% of the share in the global market with a CAGR of more than 15% in the last decade. The dye markets are mostly dominated by reactive and disperse dyes. The growth of dye sector in the future continues to depend on the performance of end user industries like paints, textiles, printing inks, paper, plastics and foodstuffs. The Industry feels unless the labor laws, power supply and infrastructure are improved, it would be very difficult to compete globally with rapidly declining duty differentials and appreciation in the value of rupee.
Further information:-
Modern technology of Textile dyes & pigments describes detailed information on subject. The major content of this book are- metal pigments, black pigments, organic colour pigments, extender pigments, white pigments, photo catalytic activity of titanium dioxide pigments, bisazo pyridine pigments, novel gold colours and effective with environmentally safe to use mica pigments, high grade organic pigments, new metal complex pigments, preparation of iron oxide pigment from industrial waste preparation of pigments, metal and metal ions in pigment systems, pigments for plastic rubber and cosmetics, pigments for paints, analysis of` pigments project reports, pigments for textiles etc.
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