I.V FLUIDS:
Overview:
This stands for intravenous therapy i.e. “intra” means “within” and “venous” means “vein” ,also called electrolyte therapy because manage the electrolyte balance. These fluids are directly administrated in the circulatory system via a needle, given when someone’s fluid volume falls e.g. in diarrhea, vomiting etc. fluids can be used as a route of medication administration. There are a number of ways to use it, some company provide packaged or some provide them mixed with sterile water (means that all the bacteria and viruses have been killed).
Types of I.V fluids:
1. Crystalloid:
Balanced salt/electrolyte solution; forms a true solution and is capable of passing through semi permeable membranes. May be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic e.g. normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), Lactated Ringer’s, Hypertonic saline (3, 5, & 7.5%), Ringer’s solution.
2. Colloid:
High-molecular-weight solutions, draw fluid into intravascular compartment via oncotic pressure (pressure exerted by plasma proteins not capable of passing through membranes on capillary walls) e.g.lbumin, Hetastarch, Pentastarch (Pentaspan), Plasma, Dextran
3. Free H2O solutions:
Provide water that is not bound by macromolecules or organelles, free to pass
through.D5W (5% dextrose in water), D10W, D20W, D50W, and Dextrose/crystalloid mixes
4. Blood products:
whole blood, packed RBCs, FFP, cryoprecipitate, platelets, albumin. Essentially colloids.
Commonly used I.V fluids are
· Lactated ringer’s (LR)
· normal saline(NS),
· D5LR,
· D5NS,
· D5.45NS,
· D5.25NS,
· 7.5%NS,
· D5W,
· 6%hetastarch,
· 5% plasma protein(250 ml)
Methods of calculation of I.V fluids therapy
Can be calculated by three methods:
1. Holliday-Segar method.
2. Caloric method.
3. Body surface area method.
Guidelines for I.V fluids
· Intravenous Fluids are liable to Microbial Growth, contamination of Particulate matter leading to adverse drug reaction.
· Careful handling to prevent damage from cracks which leads to contamination of fluids meant for I.V administration.
· Precautions during temporary storage, transportation and handling.
· The applicant shall make adequate arrangements for the storage of drugs manufactured by him.
· applicant shall, while applying for license to manufacture patent or proprietary medicines
Note: IV fluids may be harmful in trauma cases
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NIIR can provide project consultancy services to any budding entrepreneur, who wants to establish a IV fluids. Our Consultancy can provide the complete report covering topics like Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Land & Building, Site Development Expenses, and Working Capital Requirement etc. In order to get more information on how we can help you, please visit: http://goo.gl/mpnu8y
NIIR Project Consultancy Services helps in establishing business prospective in manufacturing different kind of I.V fluids. Detailed project report can be modified as per requirement of cost and capacity of the project. We have a state-of-the-art experience in preparing projects report on different subjects as per need.
We can provide you details project report, which Contains
· Introduction
· Properties
· BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
· Uses & Applications
· Present Indian Market Position
· Expected Future Demand
· Export & Import Statistics Data
· Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
· List of Plant & Machineries
· Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
· Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
· Electrification, Electric Load and Water
· Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
· Process of Manufacture
· Flow Sheet Diagram
· List of Raw Materials
· Availability of Raw Materials
· Requirement of Staff & Labour
· Personnel Management
· Skilled & Unskilled Labour
· Requirement of Land Area
· Built up Area
· Plant Layout.
Along with financial details as under:
• Assumptions for Profitability workings
• Plant Economics
• Production Schedule
• Land & Building
Factory Land & Building
Site Development Expenses
• Plant & Machinery
Indigenous Machineries
Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)
• Other Fixed Assets
Furniture & Fixtures
Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses
Technical Knowhow
Provision of Contingencies
• Working Capital Requirement Per Month
Raw Material
Packing Material
Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
Consumable Store
• Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum
Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)
Royalty and Other Charges
Selling and Distribution Expenses
• Salary and Wages
• Turnover Per Annum
• Share Capital
Equity Capital
Preference Share Capital
• Annexure 1 :: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
• Annexure 2 :: Profitability and Net Cash Accruals
Revenue/Income/Realisation
Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items
Gross Profit
Financial Charges
Total Cost of Sales
Net Profit After Taxes
Net Cash Accruals
• Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
Current Assets
Gross Working. Capital
Current Liabilities
Net Working Capital
Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process
• Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds
• Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets
ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)
RONW (Average of Share Capital)
ROI (Average of Total Assets)
• Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios
D.S.C.R
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Debt Equity Ratio
• Annexure 7 :: Break-Even Analysis
Variable Cost & Expenses
Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.
Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)
Fixed Expenses / Cost
B.E.P
• Annexure 8 to 11 :: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume
Resultant N.P.B.T
Resultant D.S.C.R
Resultant PV Ratio
Resultant DER
Resultant ROI
Resultant BEP
• Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status
Equity Capital
Preference Share Capital
• Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services
Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items
Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items
Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items
• Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation
• Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost
• Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit
• Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost
• Annexure 18 :: Consumables, Store etc.,
• Annexure 19 :: Packing Material Cost
• Annexure 20 :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit
• Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses
• Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses
• Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses
• Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges
• Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
• Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses
• Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses
• Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses
• Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)
• Annexure 30 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)
• Annexure 31 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)
• Annexure 32 :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)
• Annexure 33 :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
• Annexure 34 :: Tax on Profits
• Annexure 35 :: Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR
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