Polymers are large molecules composed of repeated chemical units. The term polymer is derived from the Greek words poly and mers meaning "many parts." Polymers are the most rapidly growing sector of the materials industry. Polymers are essentially used in the manufacture of various plastic products. Industrial polymers, chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials. In the industrial polymers, chemistry of, polymers are categorized according to whether they are formed through chain-growth or step-growth reactions. The most important industrial polymers (for example, virtually all the commodity plastics) are polymerized olefins. Olefins are hydrocarbons (compounds containing hydrogen [H] and carbon whose molecules contain a pair of carbon atoms linked together by a double bond. Olefin molecules are commonly represented by the chemical formula CH2=CHR, with R representing an atom or pendant molecular group of varying composition. There are different methods of processing of polymers for solid; molding, extrusion, calendaring, sheet forming, laminating and impregnating and for liquids and melts; coating, expanding or foaming, casting, spinning, laminating and impregnating. Most natural and synthetic polymers, however, are made up of two or more different types of monomers. Such polymers are known as copolymers.
Monomers and polymers are of little or no practical use until the raw product from the manufacturing process been transformed by more or less standardized fabrication and processing techniques into useful forms. Many inorganic polymers also are found in nature, including diamond and graphite. Both are composed of carbon. Synthetic polymers are produced in different types of reactions. Many simple hydrocarbons, such as ethylene and propylene, can be transformed into polymers by adding one monomer after another to the growing chain. A different class of polymers is the mixed organic-inorganic compounds. The most important representatives of this polymer family are the silicones.
Types of polymers are: - 1) addition polymers 2) polyethylene 3) polypropylene 4) acrylics
5) Poly (tetrafluoroethylene) 6) Poly (vinyl Chloride) and Poly (vinylidene Chloride) 7) condensation polymers.
Types of synthetic polymers are: - 1) thermoplastics 2) thermosets 3) elastomers 4) synthetic fibre .
India, currently the third largest consumer of polymers, is about to become a global polymers powerhouse. According to recent Global Data figures, India is already the world’s third largest consumer of polymers, Growth in the polymers industry really kicked off in India after the country’s economic liberalization in 1991. The global specialty polymers market to grow at a CAGR of 5.87 percent over the period 2013-2018.The manufacture of polymer products was 7.377 Million Metric ton per annum (MMtpa), and this will surge at a CAGR of 9.4% to reach 11.575 MMtpa by just 2016. Polymers account for around 70% of petrochemicals and that is the reason that they are the most important constituent of theIndian chemical industry. India’s GDP climbed at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.6%, whereas polymer consumption across all areas grew at a CAGR of 9.1% the domestic chemical industry expands its capacities to keep up with the speed of the boom. Polymers account for around 70% of petrochemicals and that is the reason that they are the most important constituent of theIndian chemical industry.
FURTHER INFORMATION:
The complete technology book on polymers (with processing & applications) describes detailed information on subject. The major contents of this book are:- modified natural products , synthetic condensation products, synthetic addition products, powder technology for coating of plastics, powder technology for coating of plastics, fabricating and processing etc.
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